Act 2, Scene 3 of A Raisin in the Sun

Act 2, Scene 3 of 'A Raisin in the Sun' Investigate this plot outline and study manage for Lorraine Hansberrys play, A Raisin in the Sun, which gives a review of Act Two, Scene Three. One Week Later - Moving Day Scene Three of the second demonstration of A Raisin in the Sun happens seven days after the occasions of Scene Two. It is moving day for the Younger family. Ruth and Beantha are making a minute ago arrangements before the movers show up. Ruth relates how she and her better half, Walter Lee, went out to see a film the past night - something they have not done in an extremely lengthy timespan. The sentiment in the marriage appears to have been revived. During and after the film, Ruth and Walter clasped hands. Walter enters, loaded up with bliss and expectation. As opposed to past scenes during the play, Walter currently feels engaged - just as he is at long last controlling his life its appropriate way. He plays an old record and hits the dance floor with his significant other as Beneatha makes jokes about them. Walter messes with his sister (Beneatha otherwise known as Bennie), guaranteeing that she is excessively fixated on social liberties: WALTER: Girl, I do trust you are the main individual throughout the entire existence of the whole human race to effectively program yourself. The Welcoming Committee The doorbell rings. As Beneatha opens the entryway, the crowd is acquainted with Mr. Karl Lindner. He is a white, bespectacled, moderately aged man who has been sent from Clybourne Park, the prospective neighborhood of the Younger family. He requests to talk with Mrs. Lena Younger (Mama), however since she isn't home, Walter says that he handles the majority of the privately-run company. Karl Lindner is the administrator of an inviting board of trustees - an affiliation that invites newcomers, however that additionally manages risky circumstances. Writer Lorraine Hansberry portrays him in the accompanying stage headings: He is a delicate man; insightful and to some degree toiled in his way. (Note: In the film variant, Mr. Lindner was played by John Fiedler, a similar on-screen character who gave the voice of Piglet in Disneys Winnie the Pooh kid's shows. That is the way meek he is intended to appear.) Yet, regardless of his delicate quirks, Mr. Lindner speaks to something treacherous; he represents an enormous bit of 1950s society who were accepted they were not unmistakably supremacist, yet unobtrusively permitted prejudice to flourish inside their locale. In the long run, Mr. Lindner uncovers his motivation. His advisory group needs their neighborhood to stay isolated. Walter and the others become extremely agitated with his message. Detecting their unsettling influence, Lindner briskly clarifies that his advisory group needs to purchase the new house from the Youngers, with the goal that the dark family will make a sound benefit in the trade. Walter is disheartened and offended by Lindners recommendation. The director leaves, tragically saying, You simply cant power individuals to change their hearts child. Legitimately after Lindner ways out, Mama and Travis enter. Beneatha and Walter teasingly clarify that the Welcoming Committee of Clybourne Park cant barely stand by to see Mamas face. Mother in the end gets the quip, however she doesn't think that its interesting. They wonder why the white network is so against living close to a dark family. RUTH: You ought to hear the cash those people raised to purchase the house from us. All we paid to say the least. BENEATHA: What they think we going to do - eat em? RUTH: No, nectar, wed em. Mother: (Shaking her head.) Lord, Lord, Lord... Mother's Houseplant The focal point of Act Two, Scene Three of A Raisin in the Sun movements to Mama and her houseplant. She readies the plant for the enormous move with the goal that it wont get injured all the while. When Beneatha inquires as to why Mama would need to keep that raggedy-looking old thing, Mama Younger answers: It communicates me. This is Mamas method of reviewing Beneathas rant about self-articulation, yet it additionally uncovers the fondness Mama feels for the suffering houseplant. Also, despite the fact that the family may kid about the worn out state of the plant, the family firmly trusts in Mamas capacity to support. This is apparent by the Moving Day endowments they present to her. In the stage headings, the endowments are portrayed as: a shiny new shimmering set of apparatuses and a wide planting cap. The writer likewise notes in the stage headings that these are the principal presents Mama has gotten outside of Christmas. One may imagine that the Younger family is on the cusp of a prosperous new life, yet there is one more thump at the entryway. Walter Lee and the Money Loaded up with apprehensive expectation, Walter in the end opens the entryway. One of his two colleagues remains before him with a calming articulation. His name is Bobo; the missing colleague is named Willy. Bobo, in calm urgency, clarifies the troubling news. Willy should meet Bobo and travel to Springfield to rapidly get an alcohol permit. Rather, Willy took all of Walters venture cash, just as Bobos life investment funds. During Act Two, Scene Two, Mama endowed $6500 to her child, Walter. She taught him to put 3,000 dollars in a bank account. That cash was intended for Beneathas school training. The remaining $3500 was for Walter. Be that as it may, Walter didnt simply put away his cash he gave every last bit of it to Willy, including Beneathas parcel. When Bobo uncovers the updates on Willys treachery (and Walters choice to leave the entirety of the cash in the possession of an extortionist), the family is crushed. Beneatha is loaded up with anger, and Walter is wroth with disgrace. Mother snaps and more than once smacks Walter Lee in the face. In an unexpected move, Beneatha really stops her moms attack. (I state shock move since I expected Beneatha to participate!) At long last, Mama meanders around the room, reviewing how her better half had functioned himself to death (and all evidently to no end.) The scene closes with Mama Younger admiring God, requesting quality.

Jerry Sandusky: Child Molester or Not? Essays -- Child Molestation

To most kids, everything on the planet is acceptable, noble, and totally blameless. Getting their squeezed apple taken by their sibling is the most noticeably terrible thing that might ever transpire. Being sheltered, secure, and effortless is the truth for most kids, as it ought to be. For 10 people that have made their youth occurrences open to the general population, an extremely malevolent and wound man took the blamelessness that they once knew. This man is Jerry Sandusky. Sandusky was referred to most as an ordinary man who instructed football at Pennsylvania State University, otherwise called â€Å"Penn State† (Bronstein). In the 23 years that Sandusky instructed, he fundamentally filled in as protective facilitator (Scott). In 1999, after his 23rd season, lead trainer Joe Paterno educated Sandusky that he would not turn into the following lead trainer of the Penn State football crew (Scott). That solitary discussion drove Sandusky to his retirement that equivalent year (Grand Jury Report 16). Casualty 4 later affirmed that this circumstance upset Sandusky extraordinarily (Grand Jury Report 16). Jerry Sandusky initially met his casualties during That Time Mile, a foundation for in danger youngsters (Johnson). This foundation was begun as a gathering home in 1977 by Sandusky himself, however transformed into an association that extended over all of focal Pennsylvania (Grand Jury Report 1). While the Second Mile program served more than 100,000 youngsters, it’s total assets detonated to over $9 million (Roebuck). This program gave Sandusky simple access to little young men and a lot of them through day camps, picnics, and chances for the young men to go to football match-ups with him (Johnson). Sandusky would initially begin easygoing discussion with the young men before welcoming them to Penn State football match-ups or different incidental trips (Johnson... ... Transcript. Leshan, Bruce. Sandusky Casualty #1 Ready To Testify | Wusa9.com. Wusa9.com. 12 Dec. 2011. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. Priest, John. In Sandusky Case, Columbia Lawyer Stands with Victim No. 6 - Local/Metro - TheState.com. TheState.com. 13 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. Roebuck, Jeremy. Penn State Scandal Directs New Scrutiny to University's Relationship with Second Mile Charity. Philadelphia Inquirer 26 Nov. 2011. Print. Roebuck, Jeremy. Sandusky Lawyer Decries Media's Chilling Effect on His Witnesses. Philadelphia Inquirer 27 Nov. 2011. EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. Sandusky Case Now Heads to Trial. EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. USA Today, 14 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. Scott, David C. Jerry Sandusky: What Did Penn State's Joe Paterno Know about Him? Christian Science Monitor. Web. 30 Nov. 2011.

The Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Alcohol Abuse

The Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Alcohol Abuse Social Anxiety Disorder Related Conditions Print The Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Alcohol Abuse By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 04, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 14, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Dave and Les Jacobs /Getty Images If you have social anxiety disorder, you have about a 20% chance of also suffering with alcohol abuse. About 2% to 13% of the general population is estimated to have social anxiety disorder (SAD),  making it potentially the third most common disorder behind depression and alcoholism. Its no wonder, then, that these two disorders often occur together. Which usually comes first: SAD or alcoholism? If you have been diagnosed with both disorders, chances are that you were diagnosed with SAD first, about 10 years before developing a full-blown problem with alcohol. Most people say that they first start drinking as a way to manage social anxiety. Over time, drinking habits can develop and become a problem in their own right. Drinking too much can hurt your personal relationships, affect your life at school or work, and may even lead to problems with the law. Treatment Options for Alcoholism and SAD If you have been diagnosed with alcoholism and SAD, treatments that are used with people who have just SAD may not be as helpful for you. If you are a teenager or young adult, chances are that your drinking has not yet developed into full-blown alcoholism. At this stage, if you are drinking, it is probably just a coping strategy for situations that make you anxious or nervous. If you are in this age group, standard treatments for SAD will probably be helpful in overcoming your social anxiety and may even prevent a problem with alcohol from developing. However, if you have already been diagnosed with alcoholism, treatment for SAD alone is not likely to help you overcome your problems with alcohol. By the same token, a treatment designed for alcoholism alone is not likely to help you overcome social fears. Your doctor or therapist should design a treatment plan that takes into account the unique problems that go along with having both SAD and alcoholism. For example, receiving treatment for SAD first might make it easier for you to take part in treatment for alcoholism such as group therapy or Alcoholics Anonymous. Find Relief With the 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups Medication Recommendations Certain medications used in the treatment of SAD may not be recommended for people with alcoholism. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) interact with tyramine, an amino acid found in some alcoholic beverages. Mixing alcohol and MAOIs can be a potentially dangerous combination and therefore may not be recommended for people who have problems with alcohol and are likely to drink. Benzodiazepines and alcohol both affect an area of the brain responsible for maintaining breathing; mixing the two substances could shut down that area of the brain with potentially fatal consequences. Benzodiazepines can also be habit-forming and therefore may not be recommended for people who have a tendency toward addiction. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are usually the best medication option for treating SAD in people who also have alcohol use disorders. SSRIs are not habit-forming and there is some evidence that one particular SSRI, Paxil (paroxetine), may reduce the use of alcohol as a coping strategy in social situations. Despite these advantages, one does need to exercise some caution in using alcohol with SSRIs as the effects on the central nervous system can sometimes be unpredictable. Risk of Relapse People who are treated for alcohol problems but not underlying social anxiety are more likely to start drinking again than people who don’t have SAD. In fact, in terms of anxiety disorders, SAD is linked to the highest risk for drinking after ending alcoholism treatment. If you think about it, this makes sense. Many people who have SAD report that drinking is their number one coping strategy aside from avoiding social situations altogether. Treating an alcohol problem without providing appropriate coping strategies to manage social anxiety doesn’t give people the tools needed to overcome both problems. What Does This Mean for Me? If you suspect that you have a problem with both social anxiety and alcohol, it is best to see a doctor or therapist to talk about the difficulty you are having in both areas. Together you can create a plan for treatment that will address your concerns. Remember that these problems developed over a long period and that they won’t be solved overnight; however, by seeking the treatment you are making the first step in the right direction.

The Conflict Of The Palestinian Negotiations - 2009 Words

The word ‘colonization’ and ‘encroachment of lands’ reach a new level when we talk about the Occupied Palestinian territory. In 1948, with the establishment of the state of Israel more than three quarters of the Palestinian population were forcibly dispossessed and expelled to become refugees in neighboring Arab states to make way for the ‘newcomers’(Giacaman et al., 2009). Since then the lives of British Mandate Palestinians kept on becoming worse with ongoing conflicts and failed attempts of resolutions. The outcomes of the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations to peace have not yet been determined. But what has been seen is that since the eruption of violence in September 2000, Palestinians have suffered from a lack of access to basic services, particularly much needed medical services and violations of the health-related rights, which have also increased considerably with time (Stefanini Ziv, 2004). From that time, multiple roadblocks have been established in the West Bank and in the Gaza, preventing people in these areas from accessing medical care. Physical barriers have been established around villages, medical personnel have been denied free passage, ambulances were torched with fire, hospitals have been surrounded by tanks and searched and have been left without medical supplies, residents have been imprisoned in their homes without basic food items or access to medicines (Stefanini Ziv, 2004). This assignment will outline the major health problems in the OccupiedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Ethnic Conflict in the Middle East1665 Words   |  7 PagesEthnic Conflict in the Middle East Ethnic conflicts are well rooted in the worlds history and perhaps inherent in human nature. This type of conflict is difficult to resolve as is evident in the situation in the Middle East. The ethnic conflict theory explains that it is not territory, politics, or economics that prevents the achievement of peace between the Israeli and Palestinian peoples, instead, it is a deep-seated hatred of one another that neither group can overcome. TheRead MoreThe Israeli Palestinian Conflict, By Benjamin Netanyahu1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe Israeli-Palestinian conflict can be seen from different perspectives, one of them being from the Likud party in the Israeli government. In particular, there are stances that Likud takes on the conflict. Right now, Benjamin Netanyahu is the Israeli Prime Minister, and his current approach to dealing with the conflict differs from the approach taken in 2009. The Likud party is considered hardliner and right-winged, meaning that it is harder to comprom ise with this political party due to their strictRead MoreConflicting Narratives Of The Israeli Palestinian Conflict1737 Words   |  7 PagesConflicting narratives in the Israeli Palestinian conflict Any reference to conflict turns history into a reservoir of blame. In the presence of conflict, narratives differ and multiply to delegitimize the opponent and to justify one’s own action. Narratives shape social knowledge. The Israeli Palestinian conflict, both Jews and Muslims, view the importance of holding the territories through religious, ideological, and security lenses, based on belief that Palestine was given by divine providenceRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of The Oslo Accords Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagespossible solutions to the Arab-Israeli conflict, the realistic and the miraculous. The realistic being divine intervention, and the miraculous being a voluntary agreement by both parties. On September 13th, 1993, it looked like the miraculous had happened when the Oslo Accords were signed by Prime Minister Rabin and PLO Chairman Arafat on the White House South Lawn. However, the objectives of the accords were never fully implemented and the Palestinians remain stateless. Further steps towardRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Jews And The Middle East1347 Words   |  6 PagesPeace is a blessing that is often taken for granted. Unfortunately, The conflict between the Jews and Palestinians still has not reached this peace. this is due to many factors. Ever since the the 1948 war, acts of terrorism and destruction have happened on both sides. This war left the Palestinians with no homeland, creating the Palestinian Refugee problem. This and other factors (such as the Peel Commission), left the Palestinians distraught and Angry. Suicide bombing played a major role in these actsRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Conflict Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesArab-Israeli conflict, the realistic and the miraculous. The realistic being divine intervention, and the miraculous being a voluntary agreement by both parties. On September 13th, 1993, it looked like the miraculous had happened when the Oslo Accords were signed by Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Chairman Yasser Arafat on the White House South Lawn. However, the objectives of the historic accords were never fully implemented and the Palestinians remainRead MoreThe Treaty of Camp David1874 Words   |  7 Pagesextent was the treaty of Camp David of 1978 a turning point in the History of Arab Israeli conflicts from confrontation to peace making? In considering the Arab Israeli conflicts there were many disputes issues and turning points in the 20th century. Wars broke out such as the 1948-1949 Arab Israeli war in order for Israeli state to emerge . Many other wars followed such as the Suez war the 6 day war all conflicts had major consequences. However the war that changed the Middle East for ever was theRead MoreThe Arab-Israeli Conflict Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pages The Arab-Israeli conflict has been ongoing for many years and so far a peaceful solution to the violence has not been reached. The peace process aims to find a just, fair and lasting peace solution to the conflict in the Middle East. The USA in particular has been very active in looking for a peace solution. This is because Israel is their ally. There are several million Jews in the USA and many send money to support Israel. Also the Arabs used oil as a very successfulRead MorePeace Negotiations in International Security1477 Words   |  6 PagesPost-Cold War era is marked by the dominance of peace negotiations in international security, and Middle-east (ME) being a conflict area for a long time, got adequate focus. Tale of oil rich ME is a story of conflicts having Israel-Palestine issue at the core, and the stability and peace of this region largely hinged on to the solution of this issue. So far, a number of unsuccessful initiatives have been taken by world community for the solution of the issue. ‘Roadmap for peace’ was one of suchRead MoreThough the agreement and acknowledgement from both sides was a great accomplishment, the fault in600 Words   |  3 PagesIsrael and Palestine should be clear in its wording, and the agreements should be enforced. Both sides’ unresolved conflicts over land, refugees, education, and terrorism prevent any progress from being made. An attempt to e stablish peace without resolution of these problems will result in failure, proven in past negotiation efforts. The core sources of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict should be the focus of the peace talks. It is integral that both sides come to a resolution about equal education

Egypt And Mesopotamia Similarities - 984 Words

Paper 1 In what ways were the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt alike? In what ways were they different? What accounts for these similarities and differences? Mesopotamia and Egypt were the first known civilizations in history. While maintaining separate identities, they still managed to have a vast number of similarities. Differences that go beyond general location were also very prevalent between the two civilizations. One of the biggest similarities between the two civilizations is that they both put an end to the nomadic lifestyle that early humans were living and they shared similar locations. Mesopotamia was located between two rivers known as the Tigris and Euphrates; whereas, Egypt was located along the Nile river.†¦show more content†¦This language had alphabetic elements as well as logos. Religion between Mesopotamia and Egypt were fairly similar. They both were polytheistic, which means they worship more than one god. Mesopotamian religion saw humans as the servants of the gods, who had to be appeased for protection. Egyptians believed that the gods created all humans but were also controlled by the principle of order. Unlike followers of Mesopotamian religion, the Egyptians had a strong belief in the afterlife, which they expressed by building elaborate tombs such as the pyramids that were used to place pharaohs in after they had passed away. In Mesopotamia, the high class consisted of kings and nobles. The royal class was looked upon highly, and soon became hereditary. Next in the social chain were the priests and priestesses, many of whom were related to the rulers in some way. Their main responsibility was to intervene with the gods and ensure good fortune for their cities. Lower class people worked as farmers in the countryside or in other manufacturing jobs jus t as welders. Slaves were at the very bottom of the ladder in Mesopotamia. Slaves were typically: prisoners of war, convicted criminals, and people who sold themselves into slavery in order to pay off their dues. Most slaves were domestic servants in wealthy households, but some worked as agricultural laborers as well. Like the Mesopotamians, Egyptians had aShow MoreRelatedEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities751 Words   |  4 Pages Mesopotamia and Egypt were both part of the creation of the worlds first civilizations. These countries shared many similarities and differences within their society, political structure, and their religions. Mesopotamian and Egypt both flourished near rivers in which enabled them to become an agricultural enriched society. While both civilizations had the advantage of the rivers, Egypt did not have the fertile hinterland that allowed Mesopotamia to excel in agriculture. Through a political standpointRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia Similarities1368 Words   |  6 PagesBoth Egyptian and Mesopotamian Views of Living Egypt is a country found on the northeast corner of Africa. While Mesopotamia is found between the two rivers Tigris and Euphrates in the western part of the Middle East. Both of these countries share the Mediterranean Sea. Even though in distance they did not seem far apart they had similarities, and differences in their two cultures. Both Egypt and Mesopotamia had unique religions, writing systems, literature, scientific achievements, art, and intricateRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia951 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Egypt and Mesopotamia. However, because of the different geography, exposure to outside invasion, influence, and beliefs, Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia came to not only contrast in political and social structures but also share similarities in them as well. When it came to the development of Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations politics played a prominent role in structuring the very foundation of each respective civilization. For instance, when it came to Ancient Egypt there existedRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia1131 Words   |  5 Pages Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia are a valuable area of historical research. This essay will focus on the differences and similarities in these societies economic, political, and cultural lives. As well as the circumstances the people of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia faced. Agriculture Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian agricultural lives were very different due to their geographical situations, differences in technology, and developments. Only a small area of Egyptian land (the Delta and NileRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient Mesopotamia And Egypt1101 Words   |  5 PagesDifferences and Similarities While describing the cultural among the people of Mesopotamia and Egypt, I learned the differences and similarities in culture. The birth of Mesopotamian Civilization began in c. 3000 B.C.E., in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers of Southwest Asia. Mesopotamia is a Greek word and it means ‘between the rivers.’ In contrast, the birth of Egyptian Civilization began in c. 3100 B.C.E., in a valley of the Nile River in Northeastern Africa. Egypt is a Greek wordRead MoreSimilarities Between Mesopotamia And Egypt1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe geographical location was an important factor in many of the ancient civilizations. Where the people settled determined whether they would have success at surviving. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt were ancient civilizations founded in roughly the same longitude and latitude area of the world. Hot dry areas full of dessert. What drew early civilizations to settle on these locations was the same for both places, land near water t hat was good for planting. What is different about each location isRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia1125 Words   |  5 Pagesago there existed two main civilizations: Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, and Ancient Egypt along the Nile. Even though Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were both advanced civilizations they had many differences such as their government, religion, as well as their trade and society. Mesopotamian culture thought negatively about its gods, and had conflict, cultural diffusion, and a decentralized government while Ancient Egypt thought highly of its gods, had a centralizedRead MoreEgypt and Mesopotamia: Similarities and Differences in Religion956 Words   |  4 Pagespessimistic outlook on life because of the unpredictability of their environment. The Egyptians, on the other hand, had an optimistic outlook because the Nile River inundated their region regularly, which could be predicted by the stars. The similarities and differences in the religions of these two regions may be attributable to the relative geographical isolationism of the two areas, which allowed them to develop without the influence of outside cultures. Both ancient cultures built sophisticatedRead MoreSimilarities in the Artwork of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece941 Words   |  4 Pages The artworks of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece have similarities that not only reflect objects and images, but also the media, style and representation. These countries were not always wealthy, clever, creative and powerful enough to gain supplies, but they all find a way to create art with what they had. They have all influenced on each other’s cultures and belief through their artistic values and ways, ranging from the materials and tools they use, positionRead MoreCompare and COntarst1518 Words   |  7 Pages Egypt and Mesopotamia have both similarities and differences, throughout both of these civilizations from back to 3,500 B.C. The political and social structures in these civilizations were different and the same in their own way. The political differences between Egypt and Mesopotamia included hierarchy power, land control, and centralized government. The similarities between both civilizations are social class, male patriarchy, and kings. Egypt and Mesopotamia both had differences of their political

Health Care Systems Australia And Sweden Essay - 1055 Words

One of the most important objectives a country faces is providing the population high quality, accessible, and affordable health care. Unfortunately, it’s not that simple due to the many challenges that health care systems encounter. According to the World Health Organization’s rankings of the World’s Health Systems, Australia and Sweden are ranked high on the list compared to the rest of the world. Both countries have an exceptional health care system that is able to provide universal care for its entire population. It’s important to take into consideration the demographic profile and socioeconomic condition of a country before reviewing their health care system as a whole since these factors can greatly affect the outcome. It’s also essential to look at the governance system in order to understand the current reform that is taking place within the country to overcome the challenges they are facing. Both have displayed outstanding achievements and they may be used as models for other countries that aim for universal healthcare. Australia is located in the continent of Oceania, covers 7,682,300 square kilometers of land, and 58,920 square kilometers of water; making it the 6th largest nation in the world with a total area of 7,741,220 square kilometers (World Atlas, 2015). It inhabits approximately 24 million people as of 2015, which reflects an increase of 326,100 people since 2014. (Bureau of statistics, 2016). Australia is 92% Caucasian, 7% Asian, and 1% aboriginal/Show MoreRelatedThe Sweden Health Care System1750 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Sweden health care system and that of the Australian’s health care system are two different but fairly similar systems, and roughly operate in two different ways amongst its similarity that will be introduced to u below. This comprehensive essay introduces the combining elements that make the structure of the health care system of Australian and also how it operates as well as the exact same elements, structure and function of the Sweden health care system. Regarding Sweden and the Australia’sRead MoreProstitution : A Matter Of Numbers1107 Words   |  5 Pagesvoluntary prostitution is irrelevant (Government Offices of Sweden, 2010). Even though many consider the legalisation of prostitution as a solution to protect prostitutes from rapes and sexual harassment, to improve their working conditions, promote safe sex and a better health care and finally to eradicate sex trafficking and criminal organisations (Sullivan, 2005), the experience of the state of Victoria in Australia compared to the one of Sweden constitutes evidence to affirm that banning the purchaseRead MoreU.s. : A Better Healthcare System1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. ranks one of lowest in health care performance internationally. The U.S. has vast access to quality health care and is far ahead of any other country in technology, but it is one of the most expensive healthcare system in the world but still underperforms more than any other country. The U.S. can benefit learning from other countries that have developed a better healthcare system. The U.S. is a young country compared to other countries, it’s still developing a way to provide the AmericanRead MoreThe World Health Organization Essay examples594 Words   |  3 PagesThe World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations specialized agency for health, and was established on April 7, 1948. The WHOs objective, is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. The WHO defines health in its Constitution as, a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The World Health Organization uses several categories to establish standards that show how countries stand up to othersRead MoreU.s. Healthcare System : The United States1574 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it comes to the U.S. healthcare system, there are two sides of the argument. Some Americans may argue that the U.S. healthcare system is the best in the world given the many state-of-the-art healthcare facilities and innovative and advanced medical technology available, and there are those who argue that it is too costly and inefficient on many different levels (Chua, 2006). Despite the large amount of spending invested on their healthcare system, the U.S. consistently underperforms on mostRead MoreTrends Of Medical Care Around The World1269 Words   |  6 PagesMedical Care Around the World Alex Blissitte As the many cultures and societies across the world change, the spread of healthcare changes, as well. Through research, we are able to compare both the benefits and disadvantages of various types of healthcare across the world. By studying trends and applying current knowledge, we can predict what the future holds for medical care in both our own country and other countries. Two examples of a developed healthcare system can be seen in Australia and EnglandRead MoreRationale Behind Marketisation Of Care1268 Words   |  6 Pages2. Rationale behind Marketisation of Care 2.1 Definition of marketisation of care Marketisation is a worldwide trend across the field of social welfare, such as education (Ntshoe, 2004; Lowrie and Hemsley-Brown, 2011), health care (Collyer and White, 2011), voluntary/charity organisations (Cunningham, et al., 2013; Mckay, et al., 2015), and elder care and childcare (Brennan, et al., 2012). As Drakeford (2007) proposed, the marketisation of welfare has various forms, including ownership transformingRead MoreReview Of Elder Abuse Nursing Care1005 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review: Review of Elder abuse Nursing Care Abstract Elder abuse is global issue which is recognized as a serious and growing problem that impact individual, families and the healthcare systems (Erlingsson et al. 2012). According to Winterstein (2012), Nurses have major role in encounters with elder abuse. In spite of their important role, they are often not aware of the situation. The purpose of the literature review is to examine elder abuse in society, and how nurses react to its occurrenceRead MoreThe United States Should Provide Universal Health Care For All Of Its Citizens857 Words   |  4 Pageswhole (The Institute of Medicine). II. Today I will provide arguments showing you why the United States should provide a Universal Health Care for all of its citizens. III. After conducting thorough research on this topic, I am here to share this information with you today. Tie to the audience: Am sure that there is someone that you know that might need health care and cannot afford it or even you have found yourselves in this same place while in between jobs. IV. Today I’d like to talk to you Read MoreNursing Informatics Telenursing1276 Words   |  6 Pagesit is saving a cost of care, helping the shortage of nurses, reducing distances and travel time, keeping patients out of hospital and expending in coverage of healthcare to distance. The growth of aged population and the increase of chronic disease have aggravated the problem and the challenges have demanded a review of the way care services are traditionally provided. The practice of telenursing can contribute to disparity of care, a cost effective care, and delivering care at home or non-hospital

The Changing Nature of Workplace Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Changing Nature of Workplace. Answer: Introduction The assignment deals with the changing nature of the workplace. The workplace was predominantly stable in 1990 with many staff staying in the organisation. This trend has changed drastically in compared to the present workplace culture. It will be discussed in the paper comprehensively. The paper discusses the implications of these changes specially the workplace skills and for management, requires to sustain the change. As a manager evaluative conclusions will be drawn. Discussion If the work life is compared today from what it was in 40 years ago clearly there will be no Starbucks everywhere or Smartphone in every pocket. The work culture was significantly different. As per Worrall et al. (2016), the organisations today have work that is more team-based and collaborative. The work type is more dependent on technological competence, and is more cognitive complex. The work place change is due to change in nature of work. The work pattern today is more dependent on mobile and less on geography. The organisation that people work in toady is likely to be different due to several other factors. Workplace today has more cognitive pressure and includes technological breakthroughs. Organisations today are more focused on finding value from consumers and workers. Workplace are more agile and learner. One can find that organisations today are less hierarchical in structure. Decision authority is quite prominent in todays workplaces. It is observed that they are more inclined towards dynamic competitive requirements and strategy. The ultimate goal of the organisations is to maintain high profit market or win competitive advantage thus; they are less likely to provide job security. Due to competitive pressure there is changes in job profile and thus no company provides life long careers (Alias et al. 2014). The are several key drivers pointed by the organisational theorists, which seems to contribute to this changing nature of work. Two of the main drivers are- Firstly, the aim of an enterprise to become lean. Secondly, growth in mobile technologies, that separate work from time and space. The principles of the lean enterprise include eliminating the non-value added activities in the organisations. It also refers to eliminating the waste and inefficiencies in support. This model encouraged organisations to change rapidly as per the market. Thus, the organisations reduced the cycle time, are developing the mass communication process. These principles help in supporting the continual change and innovation, thereby improving the efficiency of the internal processes (Grint and Woolgar 2013). There is a much strain on workers facing management and in response to the new organisational models and technologies. The workers in organizations today experience cognitive incompetence, social and interactive incompetence. From workers perspectives, the literature evidence highlights that workers tend to choose jobs that fetch more money in less time. Workers tend to focus on what is easy instead of what is more important (Kraft Grace, 2016). Workers tend to lack well-developed social skills, which is required in todays organisations preferring more collaboration and collective activity. Workers face dilemma during conflict resolution, relationship development and networking. In the collaborative settings, the fate of the workers is bound to collective success (Brewer et al., 2017). It might be discomforting for the workers not being recognised for the individual responsibility and individual achievement. Present organisations do not practice, respecting the workers participation , identity, and quality of life. Instead, they focus on reducing the labour cost, creating uncertain future for employees. Today there are less full time employees in the workplace. It may be due to increase in time burdens (downsizing and outsourcing), reduced loyalty and commitment. Thus, there is an increasing number of employees working as contractors, part-time, casual workers working on demand basis or need basis or as per flexibility (Brock et al. 2017). As a manger, the recommendations to strive in the uncertain future are discussed in the subsequent sections. The workers need to come up with the structured ways of working and require strong analytical and judgemental skills. For technical and managerial jobs, there is need of good cognitive skills. Independent decision-making is important for the administrative tasks. It is the need of all the workers to attend the training classes to be conversant with the business strategy. The workers must improve the internal working relationships, cross group communication, and collaboration. The workers must reduce the workplace stress and increase the overall quality of life (Ng and Law 2014). The organisations should be able to cope with the advancement in technology and thus enable wireless infrastructure, wireless LAN, Mobile video conferencing too, ls, interactive whiteboards. Workers at all levels in the organisation should engage in continuous competency development. Organisation should be the learning centres for the workers to learn not just through training but also through relationship with co-workers. Continuous learning improves the problem solving, conflict resolution skills, learning from mistakes, motivation to work. Organization should have rewards and recognition schemes for employee retention and continuous professional development (Cole et al. 2014). Conclusion Work nature is changing rapidly and to overcome the uncertainty in workplace the workers and the organisations as a whole must strive for cognitive competence, social and interactive competence. References Alias, N.E., Noor, N. and Hassan, R., 2014. Examining the mediating effect of employee engagement on the relationship between talent management practices and employee retention in the Information and Technology (IT) organizations in Malaysia.Journal of Human Resources Management and Labor Studies,2(2), pp.227-242. Brewer, M.L., Flavell, H.L. and Jordon, J., 2017. Interprofessional team-based placements: The importance of space, place, and facilitation.Journal of Interprofessional Care, pp.1-9. Brock, S.E., Brock, S.E., McAliney, P.J., McAliney, P.J., Ma, C.H., Ma, C.H., Sen, A. and Sen, A., 2017. Toward more practical measurement of teamwork skills.Journal of Workplace Learning,29(2), pp.124-133. Grint, K. and Woolgar, S., 2013.The machine at work: Technology, work and organization. John Wiley Sons. Cole, R., Oliver, A. and Blaviesciunaite, A., 2014. The changing nature of workplace culture.Facilities,32(13/14), pp.786-800. Kraft, M. A., Grace, S. (2016).Teaching for tomorrows economy? Teacher effects on complex cognitive skills and social-emotional competencies. Working Paper. Providence, RI: Brown University. Retrieved from https://scholar. harvard. edu/files/mkraft/files/teaching_for_tomorrows_economy_-_final_public. pdf. Ng, E.S. and Law, A., 2014. Keeping up! Older workers adaptation in the workplace after age 55.Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement,33(1), pp.1-14. Worrall, L., Mather, K. and Cooper, C.L., 2016.The changing nature of professional and managerial work: issues and challenges from an empirical study of the UK(pp. 60-85). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

How Effective Teachers Support the Youngest Childrens Literacy Development

Motivation For me, the most relevant aspect of teaching is fostering children’s interest. I believe motivating the youngest learners to read is crucial for an effective teacher. Tompkins et al. (2012) stress the importance of motivating children as the learners’ interest in reading is the basis of their further learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Effective Teachers Support the Youngest Children’s Literacy Development? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The task with the picture of a mouse is very suggestive (and can be used in classroom) because children understand that writing and reading enables them to share very important ideas (Tompkins et al., 2012). They form understanding that reading can help them extract new information or express themselves. Previously, I felt I had to make leaners motivated. At present, I have the necessary tools to do this. For instance, I know I can use various texts on topics which are interesting for children, children can read in pairs and groups. Stages of Literacy It seems natural that the effective teacher should understand that the youngest learners move through several stages of literacy development. These stages are emergent, beginning and fluent. The effective teachers should be aware of the most common issues the youngest learners may face and understand the methods to address the issues. Annandale et al. (2005) highlight these issues and different ways to help learners cope with them. For example, the researchers note the one of the most wide-spread issues is the lack of vocabulary (Annandale et al., 2005). Therefore, it is important to pay special attention to development of children’s vocabulary. Of course, I will have to fill in this gap in my knowledge by observing the work of more experienced teachers. Literacy Roles I think it is but natural that the youngest learners should try different literacy roles (me aning makers, code breakers, text users and analysts). Apart from helping learners develop their literacy, these roles make them more interested in reading and writing. Of course, trying the roles, the youngest learners improve their reading and writing skills (Tompkins et al., 2012). I have learnt a lot about the use of these roles, but I feel I need to have more information on the matter. It is a good idea to observe the way learners cope with different roles and let them try (more often) roles they find challenging.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Contextualisation Tompkins et al. (2012) emphasise that the effective teacher should be able to contextualise words, phonic elements, sentences and entire texts. Contextualisation is ability to use an element in a variety of contexts. For example, a child truly understands a word if he/she can use it properly in different contexts, senten ces. The teacher should be able to effectively transfer the meaning of different elements (phonic units, words, sentences, etc.). It is necessary to add that apart from development of analytical skills, this also contributes to the youngest learners’ motivation. I understand that contextualisation is an important technique in developing literacy in the youngest learners. This understanding is essential for me as a practitioner as I will be able to develop new ways to contextualise different elements. Reference List Annandale et al. (2005). First steps writing map of development. Port Melbourne: Rigby. Tompkins, G., Campbell, R. Green, D. (2012). Literacy for the 21st century: A balanced approach. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Australia. This essay on How Effective Teachers Support the Youngest Children’s Literacy Development? was written and submitted by user Maxx Serrano to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Help With Spelling Problems for ESL Classes

Help With Spelling Problems for ESL Classes Here are the most common spelling rules in English. For exceptions to the rules take a look at Common Spelling Problems. Capital Letters Use Capital (T, S, B, etc.) letters for the following types of words: Days, months and public holidays: Monday, January, ChristmasProper names of people and places: Jack, Maria, New York, GermanyTitles for people: Ms, Dr, GeneralNationalities and regions (both nouns and adjectives): Dutch, Swedish, BasqueTitles of works of art (content words only): The Last Day of Summer, American Journal of Medicine When to Double Final Consonants The final consonant of a word is often doubled when adding -ed, -ing, -er, -est in the following cases: The double final b, d, g, l, m, n, p, r, and t at the end of words:rob - robbingsad - sadderbig - biggerskim - skimmingwin - winnerpop - poppingprefer - preferredhit - hittingWords of more than one syllable have their consonants doubled only when the final syllable is stressed:begin - beginn ing BUT open - openingdefer - deferr ing BUT offer - offeringWhen words have more than one syllable and end in L British English always doubles the L, even in the case of unstressed syllables. In American English, on the other hand, the L is not doubled when the syllable is unstressed.British English - travelledAmerican English - traveledMore information on the differences between British and American English. Here are the most common spelling rules in English. For exceptions to the rules take a look at Common Spelling Problems. Final -E Leave off the final e in the following cases: When the word ends in e adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (this is usually the case, although there are exceptions such as outrageous):make - makingnote - notableDo not leave out the final e when a word ends in ee:agree - agreeableWords ending in ge and ce do NOT drop the final e:encourage - encouragementembrace - embraceable 'IE' and 'EI' This is a common spelling problem, even for native English speakers. Probably the best thing to do is remember this rhyme: I before E except after Creliefthiefbelieve But...perceivereceiptceiling 'Y' and 'I' When adding an ending to a word that finishes in y, the y usually changes to i: Most nouns and verbs that end in y have plural or third person singular conjugations that change to i:party - partieshurry - She hurries to work.When changing the word form (for example from adjective to adverb):happy - happilylazy - lazilyeasy - easier Do NOT change the final y to i when y is preceded by a vowel:stay - staysenjoy - enjoyed Exceptions: say, lay, pay - said, laid, paidDo NOT change the final y to i when followed by -ing, -ism, -ish:boy - boyishtry - trying 'IE' to 'Y' When a word ends in ie change to y before adding -ing:die - dyinglie - lying

TELENURSING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TELENURSING - Research Paper Example In the field of nursing, there have been such kinds of technological development that target to address the problems of long distance between the caregivers and the receivers of the care. This has led to the development of a telecommunication system in nursing that enhances communication and ensures that many people from distant places can receive care according to the plan. Tele-nursing is a technology that ensures that communication in the field of nursing is easier than when the nurses have to travel to the places where patients are situated. This technology has come to ensure that the services like consultation, patient education, examination of test results and, therefore, assisting the physicians to administer treatment and the technology are used in transmission of medical record from one place to another. This technology in nursing has a lot of benefits that can ensure that nurses are able to provide care to as many patients as they could at a low cost and within a short time (MEDINFO, Kuhn, Warren & Leong, 2007). Discussion Background Nursing practitioners offer a variety of services to their clients and in different places in the world. This means that these nurses are required to travel to different places to meet their clients and provide the services that they need and carry out a follow up to the things that they need to ensure that those clients recover from their ailments. At one time, a nurse may have more than five patients whose health statuses he or she needs to track and afterwards prepare a report that shows the history of the services they have offered. When patients are not located within the same locality, the nurse may have to travel too much, and therefore, he or she will spend a lot of money on transport to achieve his or her goals. This means that the development of a system that would reduce frequent movement to patients is good to ensure that they can receive nursing care at their convenient time. The development of tele-nursing i s a technological development that will ensure that many patients can access the required services from anywhere in the world (Briggs, 2007). Services offered through Tele-nursing Tele-nurses offer similar services as other nurses who use travelling mode to avail information to and acquire it from patients in a particular place in the world. This means that all people who need care from the nurses link up through telecommunication systems to get the information they need in their different situations. The services that these patients receive may vary according to the problem from which they are suffering and which may need immediate or delayed care. Briggs (2007) notes that the services that tele-nurses offer include professional consultancy in which a patient seeks information about a particular condition. The tele-nurse involved in a situation may choose from various media through which he or she can provide the information that his or her client needs. This could be through calli ng, sending text message, faxing, emailing or any other electronic method that conveniently transmit information from one place to another. Tele-nurses transmit medical records that physicians may need to enable them to administer treatment to a patient who seeks care from them. This will mean that they will not need to transport through physical means the records that they have collected about the patient for whom they are caring. Tele-nurses may transmit this information

The End of the Cold War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The End of the Cold War - Research Paper Example One of the causes was the fact that they differed a lot in ideologies in that the United Nations was capitalist while the Soviet Union’s was socialist. The United Nations was ruled by democracy and they valued freedom, while the Soviet Union was under dictatorial rule where the interests of the state were put first as opposed to those for individuals. This led to the two nations having too many differences as each was antagonistic to the other. In the communist they were ruled majority being oppressed by the minority. On the other hand the capitalist had freedom of liberty, expression and speech, and they were free from political oppression. The other factor that contributed to the fallout between the two former allies was the resentments of the history whereby United States had joined with Britain in 1918 and tried to tear down the Russian revolution and so the Soviet Union feared the same to happen again. On the other had the United States did not forget the Nazi-soviet pact that Stalin had signed with Germany in 1939. This led to a lot of strain to their relationship which led the two becoming rivals (Harper, 46). The other cause of the cold war was differing aims. This was attributed in the fact that the USSR wanted huge compensations from Germany to create other more friendly nations to protect itself from being hit once again. On the contrary the United Nations wanted to protect democracy and also wanted to help Germany to recover from the effects of the world war. Having too many differing ideologies between the two they never trusted one another and viewed everything in a different way thus making it inevitable for the cold war. The other cause of the cold war was the remarks made by Churchill Winston who was a British leader and also an anti-communist. Given the political climate his speech tensions rose which further worsened the relationship between the two. He said â€Å"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an â€Å"Iron Cu rtain† has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow† (Harper, 54). The two nations had never been involved in any conflicts but with all those challenges in their relationships made them develop enmity. It was evident in that the two were no longer friends and they eventually started developing bombs which were meant for each other though it was indirectly. In 1949 the first atomic bomb was developed by the soviet unions and that showed that the enmity had escalated to another level. Another cause why the United States of America was involved in the war was due to the undisclosed telegram sent by German ambassador then in Mexico by Germany ambassador, asking Mexico to assail America from the north. Germany promised Mexico that they could retriev e their lost provinces, including Arizona and Texas. Afterwards, Wilson urged the Congress to employ the rule of armed neutrality. They sent merchant ships to secure their boundaries in opposition to their opponents. They also connected the war due to terror of economic despair if the allied power lost. United States had role to enhance free trade, democracy and peaceful coexistence. America finally became part of the cold

Maintenance And Redevelopment Of Aged Public Housing Estate Construction Essay

Maintenance And Redevelopment Of Aged Public Housing Estate Construction Essay Since the fire in Shek Kip Mei on 25 December 1953 that made 53,000 people homeless, due to the shantytowns of the China immigrants were destroyed. As the population growth of Hong Kong is very fast from the five decades ago due to the immigrants and birthrate. At present, Hong Kong Government is facing the problem of density populated. For this reason, Hong Kong Government assigns Hong Kong Housing Authority to develop public housing program of multi story building for immigrants to living there. Therefore, Hong Kong Housing Authority has been turn into the biggest public housing developer and the single proprietor in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, the housing condition and the practicability is the important consideration of the district, because the main concept of public housing is satisfy the basic and real need of townspeople, who cannot afford the private housing requirement. Nowadays, there are many public housing estate are out of the current standard and outmoded owing to the time is elapse. So, Hong Kong Housing Authority launches the Comprehensive Redevelopment Programme to make an improvement of living quality to the tenant that living in old public housing estate, there are 566 target block about 231,403 flats which was built before 1973 are demolished and the Comprehensive Redevelopment Programme was completed in January 2010. Otherwise, the Housing Authority carry out the Total Maintenance Scheme in 2006 approximately covering 600,000 flats, the Housing Authority article showing that the main concept of this scheme is Proactive and comprehensive approach to identify maintenance problems, then Prompt response to emergencies and tenants requests, finally, Enhanced promotional and educational programmes to improve the maintenance quality and service in public housing estate and enhance the quality of living environment to the tenant. At this moment in this time, Hong Kong Housing Authority had made two different programme which are maintenance and redevelopment in different period to enhance the living quality of public housing estate. Building maintenance is a method to sustainable of keeping and enhances the function of facilities of aged public housing. Redevelopment is a method that demolish the outmoded building and redevelopment, it is very complicated, because there are many factors are contained, (e.g. psychology affect of tenant, use of time, cost of finance, availability of the land). For this reason, the purpose of this study is research the benefit and disadvantage of maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing, express the different and difficulties to precede the redevelopment and maintenance and bring up my recommendation that base on the opinion of public and the feasibility study on the actually condition for the future building management for Hong Kong, . Introduction In this study, I will first provide some background information of aged public housing in Hong Kong. Then, I will present a clear conceptual background of maintenance and redevelopment, such as the definition of maintenance and redevelopment, and critically review the condition of aged public housing in Hong Kong. Then, I will evaluate and examine the intention of government policy for choice between maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing, in order to make the best decision between adoption of maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing in Hong Kong. In addition, I will outline and discuss the factors contributing to the decision. Besides, I will mainly focus on three factors, economic, environment and structural safety. And, I will then outline the advantages and disadvantages of maintenance and redevelopment, which can affect the decision between adoption of maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing. Finally, I will summarize the factors which can affect the decision making and provide some recommendations for the future decision making and redevelopment for public housing estate. Aims and Objective The aim of this dissertation is to review and evaluate the decision for the old public building between maintenance and redevelopment of Hong Kong. Objective: A historical review the background of public housing in Hong Kong. A literature reviews the definition of maintenance and redevelopment and compares the factor which determines the decision between redevelopment and maintenance. Carry out research and interview with selected target building and group. Selection of public building for case study. A critical data analysis and information based on the conclusion drawn from all review and research. Conclusion and recommendation based on the critical analysis and result of the research. History of public housing in Hong Kong The appearance of public housing in Hong Kong mainly due to the fire in Shek Kip Mei on 25 December 1953, the fire destroyed the makeshift homes of refugees from Mainland China, leaving 53,000 people homeless. After the fire, and facing a surge of immigrant population, then the government launched a public housing program to introduce the idea of multi story building for the immigrant population living there, thus commencing a programme of mass public housing, providing affordable homes for those on low incomes. Some scholars have argued that the government has been overstating the role of the fire in the history of public housing in Hong Kong. Nowadays, public housing facility is the weightiest position of the society. Public housing estate major provided a home for peoples who cant afford the private accommodation in real need, because the rates of public housing are really lower than private housing. At present, there are 169 public housing estate (about 656,000 public rental flats and residence around 2.2 million people) under the Housing Authoritys (HA) management scope. Research methodology and significant of study Research is a process, which is the way to get the answer and question to hypothesis in different way of this study and support the conclusion from information of the research. Furthermore, methodology is use for prove the truth of the assumption, the methodology that is choose from literature review (e.g. news, article, journal, book) and investigation for target person (e.g. group interview, individual interview, questionnaire). Chapter outline Chapter one is the Introduction of this study, in this part, the history of Honk Kong public housing estate is introduced first, then define the main focus of this study clearly and explain the source of information about this study. Therefore, a clear concept of this study provided for the reader from this chapter. Chapter two is the Literature Review, in this chapter, the definition and characteristic of maintenance and redevelopment are identify by literature or article or journal, after that, the factor of influence that between maintenance and redevelopment is recognize base on the concept findings of maintenance and redevelopment, the important information from the article or journal are recap and compare the data on the most relevant. Chapter Three is the Methodology, in this part is to make a critical review on the decision for the old public building between maintenance and redevelopment of Hong Kong. The methodology consists of a literature review, followed by questionnaire survey and the subsequent interview. The conclusion from the analysis of the results of questionnaire and interview surveys would be served as a ground for formulating the recommendations. Chapter Four is the Findings and Data Analysis, in this part all information and data that collected would be organized in this chapter and detailed discussion and analysis would be presented from the interview and the questionnaire. Chapter Five is the Conclusion and Recommendations, in this chapter, final conclusion and recommendations will be made based on the discussion, collected information and analysis made in Chapter three and four. Literature review Definition of Maintenance According to British Standard 8210 defined maintenance as the combination of all technical and administrative action intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform its required function. And the previous version of British Standard (BS 3811: 1964) stated that maintenance as a combination of any actions carried out to retain an item, or restore it to, an acceptable condition. There are few components are identified from the above definition. According to the British Standard stated that Action not only related to the physical execution of maintenance work, also concerned with its initiation, financing and organization. The notion of an acceptable condition, which implies and understanding of the requirement for the effective usage of the building and its parts, which in turn compels broader consideration of building performance, Chartered of Institute of Building offer the followings definition of maintenance: Works undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility, e.g. every part of building, its services and surrounds, to an agreed standard, determined by the balance between need and available resources. The committee on Building Maintenance recommended the adoption of the followings: Definition of maintenance: Work undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility e.g. every part of building, its services and surrounds to a currently acceptable standard and to sustain the utility and value of the facility. Proper maintenance can extend the useful life of a building substantially. Renovation of old buildings is sometimes a viable alternative to redevelopment as it causes much less disruption to the affected residents. It can also improve the environment and reduce the need for urban renewal from the Planning environment and Lands Branch, 1996 British standard (BS 3811: 1984) classified maintenance as three parts as follow, i. Planned maintenance; described as organized maintenance and carried out with forethought, control, and the use of records to predetermined plan. ii. Preventive maintenance, it is carried out at predetermined or to other prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the likelihood of an item not meeting an acceptable condition. iii. Running maintenance, which can be carried out whilst an item is in service. Definition of Redevelopment Redevelopment means that the society shall demolish and redevelop the old dilapidated building with poor living condition into a productive and desirable use in order to utilize the land resources. Hong Kong Housing Authority described that the redevelopment and clearance aims to improve the living standard for residents in older estates and to ensure that facilities and benefits do not lag too far behind the newer estates. The opinion focuses on demolishing old and dilapidated buildings which providing poor living conditions and improving living conditions by assembling large pieces of land for comprehensive planning and the restructuring of the community through providing better and appropriate community facilities and open space. (P.K. Kam 2002) Housing Authority stated that the land use within the community, new opportunities may be identified which may lead to better planning and development within the district, including opportunities for housing. (HKHA) Redevelopment as an effective means to comprehensively revamp an old area by upgrading the street design and the community amenities as well as to better utilize the in shortage supply of land resources. (Urban Renewal Authority) Comprehensive housing renewal can provide greater open space and community facilities. Typical objective include: suitable re-housing; increased amenities; community preservation architectural conservation and fiscal outcomes, among others that base on Couch 1990, Rapkin 1980 Factors which Determining the Decision between Redevelopment and Maintenance The reason for redevelopment mainly as the following: Replacement of whole elements of components When the whole elements of components are functionally unsatisfactory; incur high maintenance or running costs and aesthetically unacceptable (Lee Maintenance Management), the components will be redeveloped. 2. Design constraints, lack of amenities Since, the publics expectation for improving the standard of living environment is rising. A redeveloped component will provide a better living environment to the residents. Areas concern such as to improve the condition, value and life span of public housing assets, enhance local communities and support the local construction industry. 3. Maximize the usage of land Redevelop a component not only can increase the efficiency of land usage, but also provide a better integration of transportation and commercial facilities and the provision of new district facilities. 4. Change of plot ratio Plot ratio control was under the Building Ordinance is a device used by planning authorities, to restrict the amount of floor space provided in new building in relation to their site area. The population grows at (the rate of population growth is roughly one million per decade in Hong Kong) roughly a million every decade in Hong Kong. With limited land resources, further increase in density in high of housing development is inevitable. In addition, provide more occupancy ratio, the occupancy ratio of 2.23sq m per person that had been established in the 1950s and changed over time to 4.25sq m per person in the 1980s, up to date, the current occupancy ratio stands at 7 sq m per person. Economy The large assembly of land through the Comprehensive Development Area (CDA) comcept has two major benefits from the planners point of view, Booth (1996) and Listokin (1974); Waver and Blabcock (1979); all cited by Tse (2001) The CDA sites can achieve the maximum plot ratio; It can achieve a better designed layout and block disposition and provide adequate communal facilities for the development. structural and building safety American Planning Association elaborated that the building in which it is unsafe for persons and unhealthy to live or work due to dilapidation; deterioration; defective design or physical construction; inadequate utilities; lack of ventilation, light or sanitary facilities contamination by hazardous substances and redevelopment might be considered. The reasons for maintenance mainly as the following: 1. Environmental impact Environmental impacts arising from the demolition, construction and operation of the redevelopment project and related activities, therefore the environmental impact of maintenance works are much better to avoid and minimize the potential environmental impacts to the public. 2. Long time for the completion of new estates The total lead-time for the completion of new estates is about 4 years including: planning, design, tendering and construction. 3. Lower operation and maintenance cost in the long run Preventive maintenance concept has developed in Housing Authority. In view of the fact that regular repair and maintenance cannot fundamentally solve the problems arising from ageing, such as water seepage in the balcony, rusting of water pipes, wear and tear of concrete, etc. the Housing Department is exploring ways to upgrade or maintain aged estates comprehensively in order to improve tenants living environment Building rehabilitation is one of the options being explored in dealing with aged estates. 4. High construction costs are not cost-effective Tight budget of Housing Authority incurring such high construction costs is not cost-effective and will also affect the environment during construction stage. Advantages of redevelopment There are several benefits for the Housing Authority during redevelopment First of all, the rationalization of land use and the opportunity for increasing housing production, particularly for Housing Authority redevelopment site where boundaries may be modified to optimize development intensity. The ability to bring in other resources to facilitate redevelopment of existing public housing estates, including the private sector and other quasi-government agencies. This could enable some older estates to be redeveloped for higher and more productive uses that would otherwise remain for a long time due to a lack of suitable reception housing. One of the benefits is that the improvement to the physical conditions of the area that would benefit existing public housing residents and at the sme time enhances the attractiveness and desirability of Housing Authority developments. Besides, the grater diversity of land use and type of developments will assist in improving the secio-economic mix in the area and provide housing residents with more choices and housing opportunities. Furthermore, construction jobs created by the development of new buildings and new infrastructure and the remodeling in existing buildings Redeveloping building can stop the spread of deterioration and blight of aging building and improving the safety and environment of adjacent areas Deficiencies of redevelopment Governments redevelopment programs have the following deficiencies: Migration of vast number of people is a complicated process requiring detailed planning, monitoring and documentation. A high percentage (up to 40%) of Hong Kong population is housed in Public Housing Estates. An extensive re-housing and redevelopment program is required, which exerts heavy pressure on manpower, time and money. Demolition of a building is a costly process. Moreover it creates construction waste undesitably unavoidably. The waste, if unsuitably reused, can result in pollution of the environment and depletion of resources. Also noise and visual pollutions can become nuisances to nearby residents. New estate designs are often based on economic values. Also, cost efficiency and high practicality had been the approach adopted in the new developments, lacking in the encouragement of communal interactions. The new estates have more monotonous and self-enclosed living environment. Significances and Advantages of Maintenance According to David Highfield (2000) defined that the cost of refurbishing and re-using and existing building is generally considerably less than the cost of demolition and new construction since many of the building elements are already constructed. One of the principles advantages of opting of refurbishment and re-use of existing building rather than demolition and construction is that, in he majority of cases. The renewed or redeveloped accommodations will be available in a much shorter time. And the shorter contract duration reduces the effects of inflation on building costs, also the overall development period could be shorter and reduces the cost of financing the scheme The work required refurbishing and existing building would normally take considerably less time than the alternative if demolition, site clearance and the construction of a new building. Time savings, during the pre-contract design, planning permission and building works phases of development. The client obtains the building sooner and therefore begins the earn reveue from it (e.g. rentals, retail sales of manufacturing profits) at an earlier date. With the increasing cost of new-build work, effective maintenance of existing building stock is become more important and building maintenance now represents a significant proportion of construction output. About unstable supply of construction works, according to Patricia Hillebrandt (2000) stated that the determination of demand for construction activity is a very complex affair and heavily depends on the policy of government either directly through its intervention in the public sector, or through its influence on the general level of economics activity in the private sector. The standard of maintenance achieved has an important influence on the quality of the built environment and there seems little doubt that society will continue to expect higher standards in new and existing buildings. Nowadays, maintenance is a significant and important part of the work of the constrctuion industry. The environmental advantages, one of the many ways in which energy consumption can be reduced is to recycle and re-use exising resouces as much as possible, in preference to consuming even more energy by replacing them. E.g. when major alterations are made, will generally use less energy than demolition and new build. Housing Authority stressed that maintenance can facilitate early defect deteration and rectifection. This canavoid the additional expenses arising from further deterioration and it enables building elemets and services installations to be replaced at the optimum time in order to achieve the maximum serviceable life (Press Release: Home CARE Maintenance for Public Housing Estate, 1 March,2001) Disadvantage of Maintenance Although maintenance is beneficial to the aged building and many articles are supporting this view, but there are no perfect views of any matter, so in this part, the disadvantage of maintenance is shown as the follows: The resultant standard of living may not live up to contemporary expectations. Very limited potential for positive impact with regard to lad use and building performance. The current mismatch in housing type supply and demand and the general inefficient layout of the site would remain. This approach dose not count for the relatively short life span of the existing housing. Deterioration and Obsolescence The life cycle analysis by Flanagan (1989), which includes the following items: Physical deterioration; economic obsolescence; functional obsolescence; technological obsolescence; social obsolescence; location obsolescence; legal obsolescence; aesthetic and visual obsolescence; image obsolescence; and environmental obsolescence. Base on Aikivuori (1995) asserts that the defects of building are relative, not absolute and therefore difficult to measure objectively. The replacement due to obsolescence is not technically rational since it does not optimize the use of structures until the end of their durability. Since corrective replacement is defined as the project aimed at deteriorated structures in unacceptable physical condition. According to Taylor (1980) proposes that deterioration has no part in the accumulated inferiority caused by obsolescence and the deterioration and obsolescence are 2 separable issues. Both Taylor (1980) have categorized the causes of replacement into these 2 classes, e.g. deterioration and obsolescence. Thus, Aikivuori (1995) view the reasons for the decision to initiate a redevelopment project as a basis of the demand. The phenomena causing redevelopment are classified into 5 categories in his study as follows: failure in the building due to deterioration: change in use: optimization of economic factors: subject features of the decision maker: and the change of circumstances. Life Span of Building Components Base on the main theme of this study, the life span of building components is a very critical part to provide the sustainable development environment and enhance the value and practicability of the aged building. Also, it is a critical part to affect the decision between maintenance and redevelopment, so the building components should be coordinate with the methodology to present result that meet the international standard, the methodology is really simple to included multifarious application and give a suitable advice of the analysis or review for different type of building in Hong Kong or other country. According to the related RICS journals Assessing the Life Expectancies of Building for Life Cycle Costing by Ashworth (1996) bring up the idea is about the rate of depreciation of building components depend on different information or data supporting and the selection of relevant life span reviews. Base on the theory from this journal, the expectancies may be uncertain, due to a proper design and maintenance arrangement or physical deterioration and obsolescence affect or the quality of refurbishment phase. Anyhow, different types or use of building have different refurbishment lives and the argument of expectancies incidence is important than overall building life span. Macdonald (2003) indentified the building requirement and intention of life is at least 50 years or above, if there is good workmanship in construction stage and arrange inspection and maintenance work on cycle. Actuality, most of the building may be demolished before the end of time and rebuild, if there is any economical profit of that place or may be change the use of building to meet the new requirement. Base on the information from RICS, the serviceable life span of aged public housing can be extending about 10-15 years, due to a systematic and cycle maintenance arrangement. Therefore, the aged public housings are structurally safe, that mean it is unnecessary to demolish and redevelopment. . The life span components of public housing estates as follow: Building Components Life Span (year) Window glazing 20 Plumbing 25-30 External wall tile 20-25 Vinyl sheet or tile 20-30 External paint 5-10 Internal wall paint 5-10 Waterproofing, bituminous coating 10 Wooden door 20-30 Hence, there are many factors affecting the life expectancy of building components and need to be considered when making replacement decisions, including the quality of the components, the quality of the installation, level of the maintenance, weather and climatic conditions and intensity of their use. Some components remain functional but become obsolete because of changing styles and styles and taste or because of product improvement. RICS defined that the building structure may be designed using materials, components and technology that may last for about 100 years or more, depending on the quality and standards expected from users. Methodology Research aim This research aims is to evaluate and critical review on the factor contributing to the decision between the adoption of maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing estate in Hong Kong with determine the decision between maintenance and redevelopment in public housing estate from the questionnaire and interview and technical record of the building structure life span. The methodology consists of literature research, survey through questionnaires and interviews and reviews the opinion of tenant and government. With a view to do this, I will use the questionnaire and case study in the dissertation respectively. As a new research area, the researcher adopted a multi-faceted approach employing multiple methods for the collection of research materials. There are several methods to do the research. The first method is to visit relevant government departments and officials in order to have a deep understanding to the research. The second method is that, by reviewing some electronic and printed documents as well as participant observations in order to have an up-dated and comprehensive understanding of the issues. The main methodologies used for the dissertation are documentary review on relevant public housing policies particularly on the Comprehensive Redevelopment Programme (CPR) and Home CARE Maintenance in both printed and electronic form has been conducted. Besides, case study is used to examine the intention of government policy for redevelopment and maintenance for old public housing estate. The reasons for choosing the above case study for this dissertation can be specifically elaborated into 2 aspects: financial and environment impacts between redevelopment and maintenance that take place in public housing estates. Furthermore, questionnaires were also used to serve the purpose of providing a through understanding of the old public housing estates physical environment, where the tenants live and socialize and their true-wish or desires on maintenance and redevelopment. Research the existing old public housing estate in Hong Kong In 2010, the public housing estate in Hong Kong which is less than 30 years old nearly 87% and about 13% estates were built before 1980. The most common aged public housing estate is Choi Hung Estate, Kwai Shing Estate, Lai King Estate, which is over 35 years old. With a view to maintain the housing standards, public housing estates which are 30 years old or above are require upgrading by improvement measures or facilities. However, some other 30 plus years old public housing estates require to have redevelopment, because its structure is not fulfill the safe standard or becoming uneconomical to take maintenance. For the reason that the oldest block design Mark I to Mark VI public housing estates and the former government low cost housing estates built in the 1950s and 1960s are obsolete by todays standards, the above block designs were cleared for redevelopment in June 1999. The Government started to redevelop these buildings in the 1970s. Up to 31 December 2004, 694 blocks of these estates containing some 249,360 households were redeveloped. Review of building conditions in public housing in Hong Kong In this section, I will present an overview of the current status of old public housing estates in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, the remaining early authority estates included, Shek Kip Mei Estate, Fuk Loi Estate, Choi Hung Estate. Although the living environment basically can meet the normal standards, it is not a fine condition in comparing with the public housing estate which built after 70s. In the 1960s, there were some marginal improvement for the public housing design. The improvements not only increase a little more living space in the public housing units, but also the community facilities were significantly improved. Besides, the building block is bigger than before, the stories were increased to 16 and corridors were moved indoors, but neighborliness was discouraged by the long monstrous slab blocks. Nowadays, all units in the ageing public housing estates are self-contained with basic facilities such as shower tray and water closet in the toilet, cooking bench and sink in the kitchen, drying rack, electricity, not and cold water supplies etc. In order to upgrade the facilities, a more energy-saving lift system will be introduced. Also, a security system will be installed in all rental blocks, which includes electronically controlled security gates and door phones for each unit and television surveillance system in common areas from the security counter next to the main entrance on ground floor. Questionnaires Survey In this questionnaire, there are 10 questions to collect tenant opinion on this topic of Choi Hung Estate and Lai King Estate, also, it can collect more basic information of the selected estate In order to ensure accuracy in the collected data by all interviewers, structured questionnaires was adopted in which similar ques

Ineffective N.A.A.C.P. in James Baldwins Down at the Cross Essay

The Effect of the N.A.A.C.P. There are many different opinions of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.), the premier organization for African-American rights around the world. Some believe that the organization has made great strides towards equality and fairness across the country, and that segregation could still be a prominent fixture today if not for the N.A.A.C.P. Others scrutinize the efforts of the N.A.A.C.P., and claim that it is nothing more than a figurehead organization that doesn’t actually advance the African-American people. This seems to be the sentiment shared in the essay, â€Å"Down at the Cross,† by James Baldwin. Although mentioned only briefly in the essay, Baldwin conveys a sense of discouragement towards the N.A.A.C.P., and that there work doesn’t do much good because of their lethargy in the courtroom. (Baldwin, 320) Baldwin asserts that by the time the court decision has been made, the impact of the decision is a lmost nonexistent, and fails to carry a collective punch. For these reasons, Baldwin believes that the N.A.A.C.P. will never accomplish meaningful, and that they will continue to simply go through the motions, in an almost lifeless manner. The history of the N.A.A.C.P. dates back to the early 20th century. The organization was founded in 1909 by Mary White Ovington. Ovington had read an article from the New York Post entitled â€Å"Race War in the North,† written by William English Walling. Ovington became inspired to learn more about the African-American situation, and set up a meeting with Walling in New York. On February 12th, 1909, approximately 20 or so members met and formed the National Association for the Advancement of Co... ...essay, Baldwin may have proven to have predicted the fate of the N.A.A.C.P., even if its accomplishments did surpass his own expectations. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1962. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 296-347. Kellogg, Charles Flint. NAACP: A History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967. Connerly, Ward. â€Å"The NAACP’s Decline and Fall.† The Wall Street Journal 16 July 2002: A16. â€Å"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.† Spartacus Educational. â€Å"NAACP Timeline.† National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

The Life Story of Henry G. Appenzeller

Not much has been written about Korea, or of its people, their deeds and heroism.   However, one work displayed Korean character though a biography of an ordinary missionary who turned out to be a significant personality in the history of Korea and its transformation.The book, â€Å"A Modern Pioneer in Korea:   The Life Story of Henry G.   Appenzeller by William Griffis, is yet another biography that showcases heroism.   The book is about sacrifice and giving up something for other people.   In his story, Henry showed that it does not take much to be able to help other people and to become a hero for ordinary people.   For example, it does not take to be rich, or to be a prominent person in order to affect other people’s lives.Griffis started his discussion by giving a background about Appenzeller and Korea.   In this way, the readers can recall and picture what Korea was and how Appenzeller affected the lives of the people and how he helped them change for the better.Henry Appenzeller was a missionary for the Methodist church in Korea.   As a missionary, he is able to save the lives of young people in Korea by giving them a new chance for education and serving as an inspiration for them.There are a number of instances by which Griffis was able to show that Appenzeller is a noble man.   First, he was able to preach and educate the people of Korea in six different languages.   He preached about righteousness without being hindered by the various barriers like language and culture.The book is a very inspiring record of Korean heroism, which is apart from the popular reputation of Korea being isolated from the world of heroism and humanity.     Ã‚  The author, Griffis, did an effective narration of what seemed to be the greatest achievements and contributions of Appenzeller in the modern Korea.What is good about his book is that Griffis was able to substantiate and provide concrete evidence for his claims pertaining to Appenzellerâ €™s heroism.   This is very important because as a biography, it should be based upon real experiences and real events in the subject’s life.As a missionary, Appenzeller was able to affect change for the Korean people by incorporating prayers in their lives.   It is never denied that Korea was one of the most mythical and mysterious nations in the Asian region, very much in touched with its culture and tradition.   This, to my mind is one of the primary reasons why Korea’s growth was stagnated.   Fortunately, the modern Korea has learned to be social and unashamed of its self and unafraid to consider changes.Figuratively speaking, the work is full of picturesque words used effectively to show greatness.   The author’s approach gave the biography a poetic appeal so that unlike any other biography, the work seems to have been creatively written as a real literary masterpiece.It can also be observed that as much as the book is also about Appenzellerâ €™s missionary works, much have been mentioned about the Gods, and religion.   Although at one point, it may seem unnecessary, the approach nevertheless has been effective in relating the role of religion in Korea’s transformation and in explaining the behavior of the poe0ple, particularly of Henry Appenzeller.In sum, the book is another archaic inspiration and recognition of Korean heroism that until today contributes to the continuous improvement of Korea and its people.Work CitedGriffis, William. A Modern Pioneer in Korea:   The Life Story of Hernry G.   Appenzeller.   New York: Fleming H.   Revell, 1912.

Child Sexual Abuse Essay - 2930 Words

Child Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse to a child at times is confusing to the family. Families who are affected by sexual abuse to a child tend to have a difficult time talking about the abuse. About one out of every four girls and one out of every five boys are sexually abused by the time they are 18 years old. Sexual abuse to children happens across every socioeconomic status, ethnic, cultural, religion and education. Getting treatment for a victim of child sexual abuse is a difficult process because of the lack of trust by the child. When child sexual abuse occurs the victim’s family has a difficult time talking about the abuse, which leads to the family pretending the abuse never happened. Once the family†¦show more content†¦Children are the most vulnerable to sexual abuse, and there are risk factors to consider that would make one child more of a target compared to another child. The three risk factors that are related to sexual abuse are: 1) the age of the child, 2) socioeconomi c status and 3) how well the child knows his/her abuser. Child abuse is reported about 80,000 times per year, but the most alarming fact is how many reports of child abuse goes unreported due to the child being afraid to talk about the sexual abuse, and they do not want to get their offender in trouble. Children between the ages of three to five years old are considered to be the most vulnerable to be a victim of sexual abuse. Children need to have supervision at all times, especially during times like changing clothes and bathing. If unsupervised, this can open the door for sexual abuse by the relatives, babysitters, etc. The second risk factor is the socioeconomic status; the offender will notice the child isn’t getting any attention from the family and will manipulate the situation with the child. The perpetrator will offer to buy the child things that the family can’t buy for the child, listening to the child’s problems and gain their trust. The level of education plays a role, if the child is raised by a single parent and/or if the parents have marital problems. Once trust is established this is when the perpetrator will sexually abuse a child. Lastly, the final part is how well theShow MoreRelatedChild Sexual Abuse And Child Abuse1308 Words   |  6 PagesChild sexual abuse is a problem that many people are still unaware of. Currently, one in twenty boys and one in five girls are sexually abused (Child Sexual Abuse Fact Sheet). In the past, children’s accusations of sexual abuse have not been believed (Berk 352). Many children told adults, yet still had to carry the burden, as adults, of their rapist never being caught. However, now, people are recognizing the truth and are trying to come up with a solution (Berk 352). Despite the increased effortRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1260 Words   |  5 Pages Child sexual abuse is a social crisis of significant magnitude. This type of abuse has been found to be correlated wi th the advancement of an extensive range of mental health and social problems in children and adults. Child sexual abuse is the term used when an adult uses a child or adolescent for his own sexual gratification or pleasure. Furthermore, a frequent expression of childhood sexual abuse is control over the abused child. This type of abuse knows no particular demographic and occursRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1573 Words   |  7 PagesChild Sexual Abuse CONTENT PAGE 1. Introduction Page 1 2. Case Study Page 1 3. How this Affects learners Page 2 4. Policies and Procedures Page 2 5. Raising Awareness Page 3 6. Conclusion Page 3 7. References Page 4 Appendix 1. INTRODUCTION Research indicates that 1 out of every 4 children will be the victim of sexual abuse before reachingRead MoreChild Sexual And Sexual Abuse1659 Words   |  7 PagesChild Sexual Abuse Why does child sexual abuse happen and what are the effects of it? â€Å"Child sexual abuse is sexual contact with a child that occurs as a result of force or in a relationship where it is exploited because of an age difference or caretaking responsibility† (Finkelhor). Roughly 1.8 million children have been sexually victimized in the United States (NSOPW). Although there is no proof that racial or socioeconomic groups is a factor in a predators choosing, studies show that childrenRead MoreSexual Abuse And Child Abuse1983 Words   |  8 PagesSexual abuse to a child can be a confusing and devastating experience for the family. Families who are affected by child sexual abuse can have a difficult time talking about the abuse. Studies have shown that about one out of every four girls and one out of every five boys are sexually abused by the time they are 18 years old. Sexual abuse to children does not discriminate based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, culture, religion or education. Treating a victim of child sexual abuse is a difficultRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse and Child Pornography2003 Words   |  8 PagesChild pornography is a broadly defined term mainly because there is no internationally agreed upon definition. There are also some conflicting laws between different countries that further complicate the issue of child pornography. It can become difficult to prosecute with the increased use of computers and anonymous online networks. Both the offenders and the victims can come from a wide range of social and cultural backgrounds. Child pornography includes pictures or videos that present childrenRead MoreChild Abuse And Sexual Abuse2090 Words   |  9 Pagesforms of child abuse. Not only can children be physically abused, but they are also in danger of experiencing sexual abuse. In the more recent years, child sexual abuse has come to the attention of a larger part of society. As such, it is becoming more openly discussed. Child sexual abuse is a growing problem, and the stories that have begun to circulate around the world work to illustrate just how serious the problem is. Despite what society is lead to believe, the sexual abuse of a child is theRead MoreChild Abuse And Sexual Abuse1770 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to dictionary.com, child abuse is the â€Å"mistreatment of a child by a parent or guardian, including neglect, beating, and sexual molestation.† About five children die every day from child abuse and many children who are abused start experiencing it at eighteen months or younger. While abuse can start at any age, more than 25% are under the age of three and over 45% are under the age of five. The younger a child is, the more vulnerable they are. If signs of abuse are discovered at a young ageRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Sexual Abuse1951 Words   |  8 PagesTherefore that would mean 42 million adults are survivors of child abuse right here in the United States. Among these children there are 73% of children who do not tell anyone for a year, and many who never tell anyone (The Children’s Assessment Center). If we do not intervene many would say 500,000 babies will be born and sexually abused by the age of 18. It is important is it to be educated in the signs and symptoms of adult and child sexual abuse and getting involved in our own communities to stop thisRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1410 Words   |  6 Pagescertainly many experiences before they became truly mature. A child can face lot of dangerous things from the environment surrounding them which might seriously affect their whole life. As definition in the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that it could be harmful to the child’s body or mental (Children Welfare Information Gateway 2007). In 2005, among 3.6 million investigations by Child Protective Services agencies in the U.S, an estimated