Maintenance And Redevelopment Of Aged Public Housing Estate Construction Essay

Maintenance And Redevelopment Of Aged Public Housing Estate Construction Essay Since the fire in Shek Kip Mei on 25 December 1953 that made 53,000 people homeless, due to the shantytowns of the China immigrants were destroyed. As the population growth of Hong Kong is very fast from the five decades ago due to the immigrants and birthrate. At present, Hong Kong Government is facing the problem of density populated. For this reason, Hong Kong Government assigns Hong Kong Housing Authority to develop public housing program of multi story building for immigrants to living there. Therefore, Hong Kong Housing Authority has been turn into the biggest public housing developer and the single proprietor in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, the housing condition and the practicability is the important consideration of the district, because the main concept of public housing is satisfy the basic and real need of townspeople, who cannot afford the private housing requirement. Nowadays, there are many public housing estate are out of the current standard and outmoded owing to the time is elapse. So, Hong Kong Housing Authority launches the Comprehensive Redevelopment Programme to make an improvement of living quality to the tenant that living in old public housing estate, there are 566 target block about 231,403 flats which was built before 1973 are demolished and the Comprehensive Redevelopment Programme was completed in January 2010. Otherwise, the Housing Authority carry out the Total Maintenance Scheme in 2006 approximately covering 600,000 flats, the Housing Authority article showing that the main concept of this scheme is Proactive and comprehensive approach to identify maintenance problems, then Prompt response to emergencies and tenants requests, finally, Enhanced promotional and educational programmes to improve the maintenance quality and service in public housing estate and enhance the quality of living environment to the tenant. At this moment in this time, Hong Kong Housing Authority had made two different programme which are maintenance and redevelopment in different period to enhance the living quality of public housing estate. Building maintenance is a method to sustainable of keeping and enhances the function of facilities of aged public housing. Redevelopment is a method that demolish the outmoded building and redevelopment, it is very complicated, because there are many factors are contained, (e.g. psychology affect of tenant, use of time, cost of finance, availability of the land). For this reason, the purpose of this study is research the benefit and disadvantage of maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing, express the different and difficulties to precede the redevelopment and maintenance and bring up my recommendation that base on the opinion of public and the feasibility study on the actually condition for the future building management for Hong Kong, . Introduction In this study, I will first provide some background information of aged public housing in Hong Kong. Then, I will present a clear conceptual background of maintenance and redevelopment, such as the definition of maintenance and redevelopment, and critically review the condition of aged public housing in Hong Kong. Then, I will evaluate and examine the intention of government policy for choice between maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing, in order to make the best decision between adoption of maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing in Hong Kong. In addition, I will outline and discuss the factors contributing to the decision. Besides, I will mainly focus on three factors, economic, environment and structural safety. And, I will then outline the advantages and disadvantages of maintenance and redevelopment, which can affect the decision between adoption of maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing. Finally, I will summarize the factors which can affect the decision making and provide some recommendations for the future decision making and redevelopment for public housing estate. Aims and Objective The aim of this dissertation is to review and evaluate the decision for the old public building between maintenance and redevelopment of Hong Kong. Objective: A historical review the background of public housing in Hong Kong. A literature reviews the definition of maintenance and redevelopment and compares the factor which determines the decision between redevelopment and maintenance. Carry out research and interview with selected target building and group. Selection of public building for case study. A critical data analysis and information based on the conclusion drawn from all review and research. Conclusion and recommendation based on the critical analysis and result of the research. History of public housing in Hong Kong The appearance of public housing in Hong Kong mainly due to the fire in Shek Kip Mei on 25 December 1953, the fire destroyed the makeshift homes of refugees from Mainland China, leaving 53,000 people homeless. After the fire, and facing a surge of immigrant population, then the government launched a public housing program to introduce the idea of multi story building for the immigrant population living there, thus commencing a programme of mass public housing, providing affordable homes for those on low incomes. Some scholars have argued that the government has been overstating the role of the fire in the history of public housing in Hong Kong. Nowadays, public housing facility is the weightiest position of the society. Public housing estate major provided a home for peoples who cant afford the private accommodation in real need, because the rates of public housing are really lower than private housing. At present, there are 169 public housing estate (about 656,000 public rental flats and residence around 2.2 million people) under the Housing Authoritys (HA) management scope. Research methodology and significant of study Research is a process, which is the way to get the answer and question to hypothesis in different way of this study and support the conclusion from information of the research. Furthermore, methodology is use for prove the truth of the assumption, the methodology that is choose from literature review (e.g. news, article, journal, book) and investigation for target person (e.g. group interview, individual interview, questionnaire). Chapter outline Chapter one is the Introduction of this study, in this part, the history of Honk Kong public housing estate is introduced first, then define the main focus of this study clearly and explain the source of information about this study. Therefore, a clear concept of this study provided for the reader from this chapter. Chapter two is the Literature Review, in this chapter, the definition and characteristic of maintenance and redevelopment are identify by literature or article or journal, after that, the factor of influence that between maintenance and redevelopment is recognize base on the concept findings of maintenance and redevelopment, the important information from the article or journal are recap and compare the data on the most relevant. Chapter Three is the Methodology, in this part is to make a critical review on the decision for the old public building between maintenance and redevelopment of Hong Kong. The methodology consists of a literature review, followed by questionnaire survey and the subsequent interview. The conclusion from the analysis of the results of questionnaire and interview surveys would be served as a ground for formulating the recommendations. Chapter Four is the Findings and Data Analysis, in this part all information and data that collected would be organized in this chapter and detailed discussion and analysis would be presented from the interview and the questionnaire. Chapter Five is the Conclusion and Recommendations, in this chapter, final conclusion and recommendations will be made based on the discussion, collected information and analysis made in Chapter three and four. Literature review Definition of Maintenance According to British Standard 8210 defined maintenance as the combination of all technical and administrative action intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform its required function. And the previous version of British Standard (BS 3811: 1964) stated that maintenance as a combination of any actions carried out to retain an item, or restore it to, an acceptable condition. There are few components are identified from the above definition. According to the British Standard stated that Action not only related to the physical execution of maintenance work, also concerned with its initiation, financing and organization. The notion of an acceptable condition, which implies and understanding of the requirement for the effective usage of the building and its parts, which in turn compels broader consideration of building performance, Chartered of Institute of Building offer the followings definition of maintenance: Works undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility, e.g. every part of building, its services and surrounds, to an agreed standard, determined by the balance between need and available resources. The committee on Building Maintenance recommended the adoption of the followings: Definition of maintenance: Work undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility e.g. every part of building, its services and surrounds to a currently acceptable standard and to sustain the utility and value of the facility. Proper maintenance can extend the useful life of a building substantially. Renovation of old buildings is sometimes a viable alternative to redevelopment as it causes much less disruption to the affected residents. It can also improve the environment and reduce the need for urban renewal from the Planning environment and Lands Branch, 1996 British standard (BS 3811: 1984) classified maintenance as three parts as follow, i. Planned maintenance; described as organized maintenance and carried out with forethought, control, and the use of records to predetermined plan. ii. Preventive maintenance, it is carried out at predetermined or to other prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the likelihood of an item not meeting an acceptable condition. iii. Running maintenance, which can be carried out whilst an item is in service. Definition of Redevelopment Redevelopment means that the society shall demolish and redevelop the old dilapidated building with poor living condition into a productive and desirable use in order to utilize the land resources. Hong Kong Housing Authority described that the redevelopment and clearance aims to improve the living standard for residents in older estates and to ensure that facilities and benefits do not lag too far behind the newer estates. The opinion focuses on demolishing old and dilapidated buildings which providing poor living conditions and improving living conditions by assembling large pieces of land for comprehensive planning and the restructuring of the community through providing better and appropriate community facilities and open space. (P.K. Kam 2002) Housing Authority stated that the land use within the community, new opportunities may be identified which may lead to better planning and development within the district, including opportunities for housing. (HKHA) Redevelopment as an effective means to comprehensively revamp an old area by upgrading the street design and the community amenities as well as to better utilize the in shortage supply of land resources. (Urban Renewal Authority) Comprehensive housing renewal can provide greater open space and community facilities. Typical objective include: suitable re-housing; increased amenities; community preservation architectural conservation and fiscal outcomes, among others that base on Couch 1990, Rapkin 1980 Factors which Determining the Decision between Redevelopment and Maintenance The reason for redevelopment mainly as the following: Replacement of whole elements of components When the whole elements of components are functionally unsatisfactory; incur high maintenance or running costs and aesthetically unacceptable (Lee Maintenance Management), the components will be redeveloped. 2. Design constraints, lack of amenities Since, the publics expectation for improving the standard of living environment is rising. A redeveloped component will provide a better living environment to the residents. Areas concern such as to improve the condition, value and life span of public housing assets, enhance local communities and support the local construction industry. 3. Maximize the usage of land Redevelop a component not only can increase the efficiency of land usage, but also provide a better integration of transportation and commercial facilities and the provision of new district facilities. 4. Change of plot ratio Plot ratio control was under the Building Ordinance is a device used by planning authorities, to restrict the amount of floor space provided in new building in relation to their site area. The population grows at (the rate of population growth is roughly one million per decade in Hong Kong) roughly a million every decade in Hong Kong. With limited land resources, further increase in density in high of housing development is inevitable. In addition, provide more occupancy ratio, the occupancy ratio of 2.23sq m per person that had been established in the 1950s and changed over time to 4.25sq m per person in the 1980s, up to date, the current occupancy ratio stands at 7 sq m per person. Economy The large assembly of land through the Comprehensive Development Area (CDA) comcept has two major benefits from the planners point of view, Booth (1996) and Listokin (1974); Waver and Blabcock (1979); all cited by Tse (2001) The CDA sites can achieve the maximum plot ratio; It can achieve a better designed layout and block disposition and provide adequate communal facilities for the development. structural and building safety American Planning Association elaborated that the building in which it is unsafe for persons and unhealthy to live or work due to dilapidation; deterioration; defective design or physical construction; inadequate utilities; lack of ventilation, light or sanitary facilities contamination by hazardous substances and redevelopment might be considered. The reasons for maintenance mainly as the following: 1. Environmental impact Environmental impacts arising from the demolition, construction and operation of the redevelopment project and related activities, therefore the environmental impact of maintenance works are much better to avoid and minimize the potential environmental impacts to the public. 2. Long time for the completion of new estates The total lead-time for the completion of new estates is about 4 years including: planning, design, tendering and construction. 3. Lower operation and maintenance cost in the long run Preventive maintenance concept has developed in Housing Authority. In view of the fact that regular repair and maintenance cannot fundamentally solve the problems arising from ageing, such as water seepage in the balcony, rusting of water pipes, wear and tear of concrete, etc. the Housing Department is exploring ways to upgrade or maintain aged estates comprehensively in order to improve tenants living environment Building rehabilitation is one of the options being explored in dealing with aged estates. 4. High construction costs are not cost-effective Tight budget of Housing Authority incurring such high construction costs is not cost-effective and will also affect the environment during construction stage. Advantages of redevelopment There are several benefits for the Housing Authority during redevelopment First of all, the rationalization of land use and the opportunity for increasing housing production, particularly for Housing Authority redevelopment site where boundaries may be modified to optimize development intensity. The ability to bring in other resources to facilitate redevelopment of existing public housing estates, including the private sector and other quasi-government agencies. This could enable some older estates to be redeveloped for higher and more productive uses that would otherwise remain for a long time due to a lack of suitable reception housing. One of the benefits is that the improvement to the physical conditions of the area that would benefit existing public housing residents and at the sme time enhances the attractiveness and desirability of Housing Authority developments. Besides, the grater diversity of land use and type of developments will assist in improving the secio-economic mix in the area and provide housing residents with more choices and housing opportunities. Furthermore, construction jobs created by the development of new buildings and new infrastructure and the remodeling in existing buildings Redeveloping building can stop the spread of deterioration and blight of aging building and improving the safety and environment of adjacent areas Deficiencies of redevelopment Governments redevelopment programs have the following deficiencies: Migration of vast number of people is a complicated process requiring detailed planning, monitoring and documentation. A high percentage (up to 40%) of Hong Kong population is housed in Public Housing Estates. An extensive re-housing and redevelopment program is required, which exerts heavy pressure on manpower, time and money. Demolition of a building is a costly process. Moreover it creates construction waste undesitably unavoidably. The waste, if unsuitably reused, can result in pollution of the environment and depletion of resources. Also noise and visual pollutions can become nuisances to nearby residents. New estate designs are often based on economic values. Also, cost efficiency and high practicality had been the approach adopted in the new developments, lacking in the encouragement of communal interactions. The new estates have more monotonous and self-enclosed living environment. Significances and Advantages of Maintenance According to David Highfield (2000) defined that the cost of refurbishing and re-using and existing building is generally considerably less than the cost of demolition and new construction since many of the building elements are already constructed. One of the principles advantages of opting of refurbishment and re-use of existing building rather than demolition and construction is that, in he majority of cases. The renewed or redeveloped accommodations will be available in a much shorter time. And the shorter contract duration reduces the effects of inflation on building costs, also the overall development period could be shorter and reduces the cost of financing the scheme The work required refurbishing and existing building would normally take considerably less time than the alternative if demolition, site clearance and the construction of a new building. Time savings, during the pre-contract design, planning permission and building works phases of development. The client obtains the building sooner and therefore begins the earn reveue from it (e.g. rentals, retail sales of manufacturing profits) at an earlier date. With the increasing cost of new-build work, effective maintenance of existing building stock is become more important and building maintenance now represents a significant proportion of construction output. About unstable supply of construction works, according to Patricia Hillebrandt (2000) stated that the determination of demand for construction activity is a very complex affair and heavily depends on the policy of government either directly through its intervention in the public sector, or through its influence on the general level of economics activity in the private sector. The standard of maintenance achieved has an important influence on the quality of the built environment and there seems little doubt that society will continue to expect higher standards in new and existing buildings. Nowadays, maintenance is a significant and important part of the work of the constrctuion industry. The environmental advantages, one of the many ways in which energy consumption can be reduced is to recycle and re-use exising resouces as much as possible, in preference to consuming even more energy by replacing them. E.g. when major alterations are made, will generally use less energy than demolition and new build. Housing Authority stressed that maintenance can facilitate early defect deteration and rectifection. This canavoid the additional expenses arising from further deterioration and it enables building elemets and services installations to be replaced at the optimum time in order to achieve the maximum serviceable life (Press Release: Home CARE Maintenance for Public Housing Estate, 1 March,2001) Disadvantage of Maintenance Although maintenance is beneficial to the aged building and many articles are supporting this view, but there are no perfect views of any matter, so in this part, the disadvantage of maintenance is shown as the follows: The resultant standard of living may not live up to contemporary expectations. Very limited potential for positive impact with regard to lad use and building performance. The current mismatch in housing type supply and demand and the general inefficient layout of the site would remain. This approach dose not count for the relatively short life span of the existing housing. Deterioration and Obsolescence The life cycle analysis by Flanagan (1989), which includes the following items: Physical deterioration; economic obsolescence; functional obsolescence; technological obsolescence; social obsolescence; location obsolescence; legal obsolescence; aesthetic and visual obsolescence; image obsolescence; and environmental obsolescence. Base on Aikivuori (1995) asserts that the defects of building are relative, not absolute and therefore difficult to measure objectively. The replacement due to obsolescence is not technically rational since it does not optimize the use of structures until the end of their durability. Since corrective replacement is defined as the project aimed at deteriorated structures in unacceptable physical condition. According to Taylor (1980) proposes that deterioration has no part in the accumulated inferiority caused by obsolescence and the deterioration and obsolescence are 2 separable issues. Both Taylor (1980) have categorized the causes of replacement into these 2 classes, e.g. deterioration and obsolescence. Thus, Aikivuori (1995) view the reasons for the decision to initiate a redevelopment project as a basis of the demand. The phenomena causing redevelopment are classified into 5 categories in his study as follows: failure in the building due to deterioration: change in use: optimization of economic factors: subject features of the decision maker: and the change of circumstances. Life Span of Building Components Base on the main theme of this study, the life span of building components is a very critical part to provide the sustainable development environment and enhance the value and practicability of the aged building. Also, it is a critical part to affect the decision between maintenance and redevelopment, so the building components should be coordinate with the methodology to present result that meet the international standard, the methodology is really simple to included multifarious application and give a suitable advice of the analysis or review for different type of building in Hong Kong or other country. According to the related RICS journals Assessing the Life Expectancies of Building for Life Cycle Costing by Ashworth (1996) bring up the idea is about the rate of depreciation of building components depend on different information or data supporting and the selection of relevant life span reviews. Base on the theory from this journal, the expectancies may be uncertain, due to a proper design and maintenance arrangement or physical deterioration and obsolescence affect or the quality of refurbishment phase. Anyhow, different types or use of building have different refurbishment lives and the argument of expectancies incidence is important than overall building life span. Macdonald (2003) indentified the building requirement and intention of life is at least 50 years or above, if there is good workmanship in construction stage and arrange inspection and maintenance work on cycle. Actuality, most of the building may be demolished before the end of time and rebuild, if there is any economical profit of that place or may be change the use of building to meet the new requirement. Base on the information from RICS, the serviceable life span of aged public housing can be extending about 10-15 years, due to a systematic and cycle maintenance arrangement. Therefore, the aged public housings are structurally safe, that mean it is unnecessary to demolish and redevelopment. . The life span components of public housing estates as follow: Building Components Life Span (year) Window glazing 20 Plumbing 25-30 External wall tile 20-25 Vinyl sheet or tile 20-30 External paint 5-10 Internal wall paint 5-10 Waterproofing, bituminous coating 10 Wooden door 20-30 Hence, there are many factors affecting the life expectancy of building components and need to be considered when making replacement decisions, including the quality of the components, the quality of the installation, level of the maintenance, weather and climatic conditions and intensity of their use. Some components remain functional but become obsolete because of changing styles and styles and taste or because of product improvement. RICS defined that the building structure may be designed using materials, components and technology that may last for about 100 years or more, depending on the quality and standards expected from users. Methodology Research aim This research aims is to evaluate and critical review on the factor contributing to the decision between the adoption of maintenance and redevelopment of aged public housing estate in Hong Kong with determine the decision between maintenance and redevelopment in public housing estate from the questionnaire and interview and technical record of the building structure life span. The methodology consists of literature research, survey through questionnaires and interviews and reviews the opinion of tenant and government. With a view to do this, I will use the questionnaire and case study in the dissertation respectively. As a new research area, the researcher adopted a multi-faceted approach employing multiple methods for the collection of research materials. There are several methods to do the research. The first method is to visit relevant government departments and officials in order to have a deep understanding to the research. The second method is that, by reviewing some electronic and printed documents as well as participant observations in order to have an up-dated and comprehensive understanding of the issues. The main methodologies used for the dissertation are documentary review on relevant public housing policies particularly on the Comprehensive Redevelopment Programme (CPR) and Home CARE Maintenance in both printed and electronic form has been conducted. Besides, case study is used to examine the intention of government policy for redevelopment and maintenance for old public housing estate. The reasons for choosing the above case study for this dissertation can be specifically elaborated into 2 aspects: financial and environment impacts between redevelopment and maintenance that take place in public housing estates. Furthermore, questionnaires were also used to serve the purpose of providing a through understanding of the old public housing estates physical environment, where the tenants live and socialize and their true-wish or desires on maintenance and redevelopment. Research the existing old public housing estate in Hong Kong In 2010, the public housing estate in Hong Kong which is less than 30 years old nearly 87% and about 13% estates were built before 1980. The most common aged public housing estate is Choi Hung Estate, Kwai Shing Estate, Lai King Estate, which is over 35 years old. With a view to maintain the housing standards, public housing estates which are 30 years old or above are require upgrading by improvement measures or facilities. However, some other 30 plus years old public housing estates require to have redevelopment, because its structure is not fulfill the safe standard or becoming uneconomical to take maintenance. For the reason that the oldest block design Mark I to Mark VI public housing estates and the former government low cost housing estates built in the 1950s and 1960s are obsolete by todays standards, the above block designs were cleared for redevelopment in June 1999. The Government started to redevelop these buildings in the 1970s. Up to 31 December 2004, 694 blocks of these estates containing some 249,360 households were redeveloped. Review of building conditions in public housing in Hong Kong In this section, I will present an overview of the current status of old public housing estates in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, the remaining early authority estates included, Shek Kip Mei Estate, Fuk Loi Estate, Choi Hung Estate. Although the living environment basically can meet the normal standards, it is not a fine condition in comparing with the public housing estate which built after 70s. In the 1960s, there were some marginal improvement for the public housing design. The improvements not only increase a little more living space in the public housing units, but also the community facilities were significantly improved. Besides, the building block is bigger than before, the stories were increased to 16 and corridors were moved indoors, but neighborliness was discouraged by the long monstrous slab blocks. Nowadays, all units in the ageing public housing estates are self-contained with basic facilities such as shower tray and water closet in the toilet, cooking bench and sink in the kitchen, drying rack, electricity, not and cold water supplies etc. In order to upgrade the facilities, a more energy-saving lift system will be introduced. Also, a security system will be installed in all rental blocks, which includes electronically controlled security gates and door phones for each unit and television surveillance system in common areas from the security counter next to the main entrance on ground floor. Questionnaires Survey In this questionnaire, there are 10 questions to collect tenant opinion on this topic of Choi Hung Estate and Lai King Estate, also, it can collect more basic information of the selected estate In order to ensure accuracy in the collected data by all interviewers, structured questionnaires was adopted in which similar ques

Ineffective N.A.A.C.P. in James Baldwins Down at the Cross Essay

The Effect of the N.A.A.C.P. There are many different opinions of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P.), the premier organization for African-American rights around the world. Some believe that the organization has made great strides towards equality and fairness across the country, and that segregation could still be a prominent fixture today if not for the N.A.A.C.P. Others scrutinize the efforts of the N.A.A.C.P., and claim that it is nothing more than a figurehead organization that doesn’t actually advance the African-American people. This seems to be the sentiment shared in the essay, â€Å"Down at the Cross,† by James Baldwin. Although mentioned only briefly in the essay, Baldwin conveys a sense of discouragement towards the N.A.A.C.P., and that there work doesn’t do much good because of their lethargy in the courtroom. (Baldwin, 320) Baldwin asserts that by the time the court decision has been made, the impact of the decision is a lmost nonexistent, and fails to carry a collective punch. For these reasons, Baldwin believes that the N.A.A.C.P. will never accomplish meaningful, and that they will continue to simply go through the motions, in an almost lifeless manner. The history of the N.A.A.C.P. dates back to the early 20th century. The organization was founded in 1909 by Mary White Ovington. Ovington had read an article from the New York Post entitled â€Å"Race War in the North,† written by William English Walling. Ovington became inspired to learn more about the African-American situation, and set up a meeting with Walling in New York. On February 12th, 1909, approximately 20 or so members met and formed the National Association for the Advancement of Co... ...essay, Baldwin may have proven to have predicted the fate of the N.A.A.C.P., even if its accomplishments did surpass his own expectations. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1962. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 296-347. Kellogg, Charles Flint. NAACP: A History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1967. Connerly, Ward. â€Å"The NAACP’s Decline and Fall.† The Wall Street Journal 16 July 2002: A16. â€Å"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.† Spartacus Educational. â€Å"NAACP Timeline.† National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

The Life Story of Henry G. Appenzeller

Not much has been written about Korea, or of its people, their deeds and heroism.   However, one work displayed Korean character though a biography of an ordinary missionary who turned out to be a significant personality in the history of Korea and its transformation.The book, â€Å"A Modern Pioneer in Korea:   The Life Story of Henry G.   Appenzeller by William Griffis, is yet another biography that showcases heroism.   The book is about sacrifice and giving up something for other people.   In his story, Henry showed that it does not take much to be able to help other people and to become a hero for ordinary people.   For example, it does not take to be rich, or to be a prominent person in order to affect other people’s lives.Griffis started his discussion by giving a background about Appenzeller and Korea.   In this way, the readers can recall and picture what Korea was and how Appenzeller affected the lives of the people and how he helped them change for the better.Henry Appenzeller was a missionary for the Methodist church in Korea.   As a missionary, he is able to save the lives of young people in Korea by giving them a new chance for education and serving as an inspiration for them.There are a number of instances by which Griffis was able to show that Appenzeller is a noble man.   First, he was able to preach and educate the people of Korea in six different languages.   He preached about righteousness without being hindered by the various barriers like language and culture.The book is a very inspiring record of Korean heroism, which is apart from the popular reputation of Korea being isolated from the world of heroism and humanity.     Ã‚  The author, Griffis, did an effective narration of what seemed to be the greatest achievements and contributions of Appenzeller in the modern Korea.What is good about his book is that Griffis was able to substantiate and provide concrete evidence for his claims pertaining to Appenzellerâ €™s heroism.   This is very important because as a biography, it should be based upon real experiences and real events in the subject’s life.As a missionary, Appenzeller was able to affect change for the Korean people by incorporating prayers in their lives.   It is never denied that Korea was one of the most mythical and mysterious nations in the Asian region, very much in touched with its culture and tradition.   This, to my mind is one of the primary reasons why Korea’s growth was stagnated.   Fortunately, the modern Korea has learned to be social and unashamed of its self and unafraid to consider changes.Figuratively speaking, the work is full of picturesque words used effectively to show greatness.   The author’s approach gave the biography a poetic appeal so that unlike any other biography, the work seems to have been creatively written as a real literary masterpiece.It can also be observed that as much as the book is also about Appenzellerâ €™s missionary works, much have been mentioned about the Gods, and religion.   Although at one point, it may seem unnecessary, the approach nevertheless has been effective in relating the role of religion in Korea’s transformation and in explaining the behavior of the poe0ple, particularly of Henry Appenzeller.In sum, the book is another archaic inspiration and recognition of Korean heroism that until today contributes to the continuous improvement of Korea and its people.Work CitedGriffis, William. A Modern Pioneer in Korea:   The Life Story of Hernry G.   Appenzeller.   New York: Fleming H.   Revell, 1912.

Child Sexual Abuse Essay - 2930 Words

Child Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse to a child at times is confusing to the family. Families who are affected by sexual abuse to a child tend to have a difficult time talking about the abuse. About one out of every four girls and one out of every five boys are sexually abused by the time they are 18 years old. Sexual abuse to children happens across every socioeconomic status, ethnic, cultural, religion and education. Getting treatment for a victim of child sexual abuse is a difficult process because of the lack of trust by the child. When child sexual abuse occurs the victim’s family has a difficult time talking about the abuse, which leads to the family pretending the abuse never happened. Once the family†¦show more content†¦Children are the most vulnerable to sexual abuse, and there are risk factors to consider that would make one child more of a target compared to another child. The three risk factors that are related to sexual abuse are: 1) the age of the child, 2) socioeconomi c status and 3) how well the child knows his/her abuser. Child abuse is reported about 80,000 times per year, but the most alarming fact is how many reports of child abuse goes unreported due to the child being afraid to talk about the sexual abuse, and they do not want to get their offender in trouble. Children between the ages of three to five years old are considered to be the most vulnerable to be a victim of sexual abuse. Children need to have supervision at all times, especially during times like changing clothes and bathing. If unsupervised, this can open the door for sexual abuse by the relatives, babysitters, etc. The second risk factor is the socioeconomic status; the offender will notice the child isn’t getting any attention from the family and will manipulate the situation with the child. 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Despite the increased effortRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1260 Words   |  5 Pages Child sexual abuse is a social crisis of significant magnitude. This type of abuse has been found to be correlated wi th the advancement of an extensive range of mental health and social problems in children and adults. Child sexual abuse is the term used when an adult uses a child or adolescent for his own sexual gratification or pleasure. Furthermore, a frequent expression of childhood sexual abuse is control over the abused child. This type of abuse knows no particular demographic and occursRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1573 Words   |  7 PagesChild Sexual Abuse CONTENT PAGE 1. Introduction Page 1 2. Case Study Page 1 3. How this Affects learners Page 2 4. Policies and Procedures Page 2 5. Raising Awareness Page 3 6. Conclusion Page 3 7. References Page 4 Appendix 1. INTRODUCTION Research indicates that 1 out of every 4 children will be the victim of sexual abuse before reachingRead MoreChild Sexual And Sexual Abuse1659 Words   |  7 PagesChild Sexual Abuse Why does child sexual abuse happen and what are the effects of it? â€Å"Child sexual abuse is sexual contact with a child that occurs as a result of force or in a relationship where it is exploited because of an age difference or caretaking responsibility† (Finkelhor). Roughly 1.8 million children have been sexually victimized in the United States (NSOPW). Although there is no proof that racial or socioeconomic groups is a factor in a predators choosing, studies show that childrenRead MoreSexual Abuse And Child Abuse1983 Words   |  8 PagesSexual abuse to a child can be a confusing and devastating experience for the family. Families who are affected by child sexual abuse can have a difficult time talking about the abuse. Studies have shown that about one out of every four girls and one out of every five boys are sexually abused by the time they are 18 years old. Sexual abuse to children does not discriminate based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, culture, religion or education. Treating a victim of child sexual abuse is a difficultRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse and Child Pornography2003 Words   |  8 PagesChild pornography is a broadly defined term mainly because there is no internationally agreed upon definition. There are also some conflicting laws between different countries that further complicate the issue of child pornography. It can become difficult to prosecute with the increased use of computers and anonymous online networks. Both the offenders and the victims can come from a wide range of social and cultural backgrounds. Child pornography includes pictures or videos that present childrenRead MoreChild Abuse And Sexual Abuse2090 Words   |  9 Pagesforms of child abuse. Not only can children be physically abused, but they are also in danger of experiencing sexual abuse. In the more recent years, child sexual abuse has come to the attention of a larger part of society. As such, it is becoming more openly discussed. Child sexual abuse is a growing problem, and the stories that have begun to circulate around the world work to illustrate just how serious the problem is. Despite what society is lead to believe, the sexual abuse of a child is theRead MoreChild Abuse And Sexual Abuse1770 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to dictionary.com, child abuse is the â€Å"mistreatment of a child by a parent or guardian, including neglect, beating, and sexual molestation.† About five children die every day from child abuse and many children who are abused start experiencing it at eighteen months or younger. While abuse can start at any age, more than 25% are under the age of three and over 45% are under the age of five. The younger a child is, the more vulnerable they are. If signs of abuse are discovered at a young ageRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Sexual Abuse1951 Words   |  8 PagesTherefore that would mean 42 million adults are survivors of child abuse right here in the United States. Among these children there are 73% of children who do not tell anyone for a year, and many who never tell anyone (The Children’s Assessment Center). If we do not intervene many would say 500,000 babies will be born and sexually abused by the age of 18. It is important is it to be educated in the signs and symptoms of adult and child sexual abuse and getting involved in our own communities to stop thisRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1410 Words   |  6 Pagescertainly many experiences before they became truly mature. A child can face lot of dangerous things from the environment surrounding them which might seriously affect their whole life. As definition in the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that it could be harmful to the child’s body or mental (Children Welfare Information Gateway 2007). In 2005, among 3.6 million investigations by Child Protective Services agencies in the U.S, an estimated

Essay on Personal Narrative- My Dream - 595 Words

Personal Narrative- My Dream I picture myself center stage in the most enormous and fantastically beautiful theater in the world. Its walls and ceilings are covered in impeccable Victorian paintings of angels in the sky. A single ray of light shines down upon my face, shining through the still, silent darkness, and all attention is on me and me alone. The theater is a packed house; however, my audience is not that of human beings, but rather the angels from the paintings on the walls come alive, sitting intently in the rows of plush seats. Their warmth encompasses my body, and I know at that moment that it is time to begin. I open my mouth. From deep inside my soul a melody flows out of my chest, off of my tongue, and finally†¦show more content†¦My whole world is aglow. For those precious moments, everything is right, and then I am alone. The angels have disappeared, yet the stage is still mine, and suddenly, from out of nowhere, a piano begins to play. I cant see it, but I can feel it in every cell of my body, and my voice again takes charge and rushes out to court the empty notes of the piano. The two become one, and never before have the theaters walls heard such awesome music. In this enormous theater, I am alone, but I have never felt so fulfilled in my life. I look out to the very last row of empty seats, but there appears a man. A moment of shock and fear is quickly overridden by a quieting peacefulness. The piano stops playing, leaving my voice the only noise in the arena. The melody I sing slows down to a soft and calm ballad that I sing wholeheartedly for the man, all the while with a locked gaze into the mans eyes. His eyes are a mirror. They show me myself. They show me my beauty - my beauty on the inside that I never allow myself to see. He shows me who I am meant to be. The ballad ends. There is silence, but a continuous locking of eyes. They are the most beautiful eyes I have ever seen - more beautiful than in my dreams. The silence continues, and my feeling of peace continues, until finally I say, Yes, I understand. In an instance He is gone. I take one last minute to breathe in the emptiness of the stage and toShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : The Story Of My Dream2124 Words   |  9 Pagesthe blaring sound of my alarm clock go off. I slowly opened my eyes as the scintillating rays of sunshine were coming through my windows blinding me. I eventually accepted the fact that I had to get up and started to stretch out my limbs as I laid in bed. I slowly picked up my phone that had fallen on the floor in the middle of the night. The time read 11:30AM. I couldn t believe I had actually slept in that late, I had only set my alarm as a warning that I had to leave soon. My mom swung open theRead MorePersonal Narrative Essay : My Dream City1032 Words   |  5 PagesIt was a warm summer day, on the twenty-eighth of July. My mom, my aunt, Jennifer, my brother, Ben, my other brother, Jacob, and I were all exhausted. We had been walking all day, up and down streets, in a strange city, but also my dream city. It is a place that has a lifestyle that is very distinct. Its unique lifestyle is what makes it so interesting. The way people get place to place in the city. They wait in hours of traffic, they are shoulder to shoulder with people they have never seen beforeRead MorePersonal Narrative Essay : My Dream Hunting Camp1011 Words   |  5 PagesDream Hunting Camp As you can probably tell from the title, I love hunting. Everyday I dream of going out and sitting patiently; just waiting for the perfect broadside shot on a whitetail. Hunting is what i love to do the most, and if this place really existed i would never come back from it. I first went hunting when i was 9 years old with my dad. My dad has always loved hunting and wanted to show me what it was all about and why he did it. I hope that one day that I will get some land of my ownRead MoreThe Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and its Illustrations of the American Dream1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe American dream can be defined as the promise of living in America with opportunities for all, regardless of social class, and according to their ability and effort (Schnell, 2010). Proponents of the American dream believe that there is equal opportunity for all in the American society to achieve success. Success is not pegged on social status, race, or creed, but rather on an indivi dual’s own efforts. The definition of the American dream has unique interpretations to different people. The mostRead MoreSandra Cisneros And Reyna Grande’S Representation Of Their1220 Words   |  5 Pagesjourneys across material and ideological borders that do not recognize transnational identities. To begin, in the jigsaw autobiography A House of My Own (2015) Cisneros mediates between her experience of growing up in Chicago, excavating into her Mexican father’s family history, being perceived as a gringa in Mexico and as working class writer. In â€Å"An Ofrenda for My Father on Day of the Dead† Cisneros stresses the fundamental contributions that her father’s Mexican lineage added to her identity formationRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s `` A Dream?950 Words   |  4 PagesPoe was, his life was full interesting ups and downs ultimately influencing his writing. Poe s poetry has become a staple in the American literature classroom because of the way he approaches his poetry. Edgar Allan Poe s poem â€Å"A Dream Within a Dream,† is a narrative poem connect to Poe s life, poem’s physical structure, literal meaning, poetic/literary devices, and theme telling a story about someone who has loved and lost. First, Poe s life is a roller coaster that played into his poetry. PoeRead MoreImportance Of Personal Writing915 Words   |  4 Pagesinterest in music and poetry, sparking my interest to learn to write like musicians and poets. Up until that point, I had always been writing papers for school, often to write research papers or to write forced narratives. I never wrote anything for myself until about junior year in high school. I did always enjoy reading intriguing narratives that others didn’t enjoy though, so that’s exactly what I wrote. Even senior year, I was assigned to write a narrative story based around Arthurian legends;Read MoreLiterary Analysis : The Forest Of The Desert By Bill Walters842 Words   |  4 PagesFeathers and Nightmares Dream Boxes is collection of contemporary pieces put together by the UNM Department of Theatre and Dance directed by Bill Walters. Dream Boxes is split up into two acts. The first, My Father’s House, covers the well-known stories of Greek Tragedies including Orestia, Aeschylus and Iphegenia by Euripedes. The second, The Forest The Desert, is a collection of personal chronicles as told by the actors’ themselves on stage. Dream Boxes can be described as a visual and sensoryRead MoreContagious : Why Things Catch On By Jonah Berger979 Words   |  4 PagesPrime was to deliver the best steakhouse experience in New York. Wein was imagining luxurious bounties of furniture and an extensive seafood bar, extending from the West Coast of America to the East Coast of Russia. And to add on to that, Wein also dreams of delivering food delicacies to his consuming eaters. While Wein maybe over the top, the problem is attracting customers and bringing awareness of Barclay Prime in the one of the most competitive areas for a restaurant to thrive. From statisticsRead MoreAn Interview with F. Scott Fitzgerald964 Words   |  4 PagesDailyTimes Newspaper F Scott Fitzgerald has been one of the most recognizable authors out there today. Many people admire his work, but he’s hard to catch and follow due to his busy schedule and personal lifestyle being an alcoholic. On the 19th of November 1925 I was given a chance to meet up with F. Scott Fitzgerald, to discuss about the eminent novel written by him â€Å"The Great Gatsby† at his house in Los Angeles. The books about a poor turned wealthy man, Gatsby and his attempt on getting his

Medical Marijuana Should Be Legal - 1777 Words

Medical marijuana brings many benefits to the medical community and should be legalized. Medical marijuana also known as medical cannabis, brings relief too many people with multiple different types of diseases. One major benefit of marijuana being such a good relief medicine is that it is not addictive. Medical marijuana would also be very easy to regulate and bring many economic benefits to our country. Medical marijuana also known as medical cannabis brings relief too many people with many different types of diseases. There are many different diseases that medical marijuana can help patients with these diseases get relief but the ones explained here are some of the more serious ones. Doctors say medical marijuana needs to be legalized to bring the relief patients need, 69 percent say it can help with certain treatment and conditions. 67 percent say it should be a medical option for patients. 56 percent support making it legal nationwide. 50 percent of doctor’s in states where it is not legal say it should be legal in their state. 52 percent of doctors in states consider new laws say it should be legal in their states. (Rappold 2) American Glaucoma Society states the definition of Glaucoma, â€Å"Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve that can result in vision loss and blindness† (Jampel). Glaucoma being a disease that could cause eye loss it is a disease that cannot be taken lightly and people want to find a treatment to help their case as soon as possible. With medicalShow MoreRelatedMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal904 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Although marijuana is illegal and lacks FDA approval it should be used to treat cancer. Opponents of medical marijuana argue that it is too dangerous to use, lacks FDA approval, and that various legal drugs make marijuana use unnecessary. They believe marijuana is addictive, leads to harder drug use, and injures the lungs, immune system, and brain. They also believe that medical marijuana is a front for drug legalization and recreational use. Benefit that it is isn’t a great treatmentRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1249 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 1, 2017 Medical Marijuana Informative Unless you ve been living under a rock, you have probably at some point in the last few years had a conversation with a friend or family member regarding medical marijuana. Although it is considered a controversial topic, in recent months it has been gaining approval by the public. But it does not come without opposition and arguments. Medical marijuana is a complex subject and still requires more education for the public, the medical community, and theRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmost commonly referred to as marijuana. Medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms (Wikipedia.com). Cannabis contains two active ingredients inside called cannabinoids (CBD) along with the delta-g-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The medicinal and psychoactive effects that personally associate with marijuana are caused by unique structures of cannabinoids. In addition, the major psychoactive ingredient in marij uana is THC, which additionallyRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1477 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the nation believe that medical marijuana can provide a variety of benefits ranging from pain relief to increasing appetite. Others won’t provide the drug to patients until more significant evidence is presented. The drug has been a topic of debate for many years, but one thing that researchers can always count on is a growing library of testimonials from patients who have legally experimented with the drug to manage their conditions. As it stands, marijuana has had a different impact in eachRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1778 Words   |  8 Pagesusing medical marijuana for chronic pain outweigh the risks? Medical Marijuana is a topic we have all heard a couple of times in the past years. It has been a debatable topic since there seems to be a lot of opinions on what should be and shouldn’t be legal. Some say its benefits outweigh anything else, and some others state that there is a hazard involved with this drug. There are studies on both sides of the question that demonstrate what appear to be clear benefits for medical marijuana, asRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicinal utility of marijuana. However, the federal government opposes passing legislation that would legalize medical marijuana because of its potential to be abused or unregulated. The states are continuously challenging the federal government causing complications in legislation in regards to medical marijuana. Because of its history of medicinal properties and accumulating amounts of state and local legislation, the federal government should decriminalize medical marijuana an d legalize its useRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1053 Words   |  5 PagesMedical marijuana, also called cannabis, is used in some places as a medication to treat diseases and symptoms. Many people consider it helpful and harmless making it the most used illicit drug in North America. With legalizing medical marijuana people can alleviate some health problems and help ease physical pain, but it also can bring many concerns, questions, and responsibility. Legalizing cannabis can help many people with their health conditions. There are some advantages to taking medicalRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated topic on marijuana legalization is widely argued. Whether it’s for medical or recreational usages, this topic is reaching boiling point. The complicity on the legalities of marijuana has reached a point in society where legal usage has been popping up across the country. In the medical sector, studies have shown benefits, and harmful effects in patients. Some physicians support, however some physicians do see health concerns that influence their stance on whether medical marijuana laws are toRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal897 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Cannabis Weed Cannabis, also known as Marijuana has many effects to it. In recent years officials have decided that it should be used for medical usage. They have found out that it helps many medical conditions. Medical cannabis has many things that could cure. Studies has shown that it slows the response time in the synapses in the brain it helps the brain heal. For example if someone was in a bad wreck it allows the brain to eventually heal. Because it is unlike other prescribed drugs weedRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal860 Words   |  4 Pagesthat medical marijuana might be useful in reducing this pressure. Marijuana has also became a common sight in the medicine cabinets of patients suffering from HIV/AIDS and many different forms of cancer. Cannabis consumptions has been known for its ability to stimulate appetite commonly referred to as â€Å"getting the munchies.† Medical marijuana can successfully benefit its patients with HIV or cancer by helping generate an appetite through the use of plant. Researchers have shown that medical cannabis

Research work in Business and Problems †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Research work in Business and Problems. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of the business research work is to collect information that is necessary in preparing the operational plan of marketing that helps to establish a connection between the outcome and goals of the business. According to Hazen et al., (2014), a complete and thorough research of the market is an important part for all well organised business that helps them to get an idea of the overall market and also the demand of the target group. Quality is another important aspect of all business research that aims to collect information about the standard of the product that is being manufactured and also ensure that no compromisation is done on matters related to the quality of a product or service. With the help of proper business research it is also possible to collect vital information related to the buying behaviour of the customers and also detail information related to all the other competitors that exist in the market. The department of quality control is an important area of all business development process that helps to ensure that the standard of any manufactured product is maintained and is sold in the market only after proper testing and conducting proper research. The output of the quality needs to be measured in respect to the satisfaction level of the customer. Zikmund, et al., (2013), have mentioned that proper and accurate information related to the quality of a product is an important part of the business research that helps in the process of overall improvement of business planning. It is also the duty of the sales department to ensure that only high quality products are being launched in the market that can help to deal with the issues related to customer satisfaction. Problem Statement Poor business research and analysis can have drastic effect in the overall business process and can also compromise on the level of standard and quality of the product that is being offered by the business. Wilsdon (2016), has stated that poor research is generally associated with collection of inaccurate data and information related to the quality and quantity of a manufactured product that is being launched in the market. As business research is a process of getting systemic and in-depth study of all problems and issues related to various Department of Business without proper desserts it is not possible good deal with this major challenges in various operational activities of business. Inaccurate business research is also associated with poor systemic development and improper decision making process. The research in the quality check department of a business is an important part that helps to ensure only the best quality product is being launched in the market for sales. Poor quality of product can seriously harm the reputation of a business organisation and can also affect the overall sales of the company. It is one of the most primary duties of every business organisation to have proper quality Assurance check department which will help to conduct proper research related to the quality of the product and also collect proper information related to poor quality management. The poor conducted business research can come up with inaccurate data related to the quality of a product and hence the customer will not be able to get satisfied product. According to Drotar (2014), the overall process of the qualitymanagement process includes quality planning, quality assurance, quality control, and improvement. Without the help of proper business research it is never possible to fulfil all the criteria ofquality management and thereby the overall planning process can be compromised. Without the help of the research in the quality management department there is high risk involved about defective manufactured product being sold in the market that can seriously home the reputation and trustworthiness of a business organisation. Proper quality check Assurance is an important part to ensure high level of customer satisfaction and also to increase the brand value of a business organisation. This can help to improve the overall sales and marketing process of a product and thereby help to increase the level of profit that is being and from the market. Research Objective The main objective of this project work is to investigate upon the impact of for market research and development process in matters related to quality management of all business organisations. It also aims to investigate on the cause of poor sales andmarketing management that is related to inaccurate Data Collection related to the quality management department Conduct proper investigation and identify the cause of poor market research and quality development process. Properly identify the impact of poor research in the quality management department. Research Questions What are the cause and effect of poor market research and development process? What are the impacts of poor market research in the department of quality management? Rationale and Justification of the Research work According to Pagell0 Shevchenko (2014), the poor quality product that is being launched in the market for sales can have serious effect on the business reputation of an organisation. The quality of a product and also the level of standard has been one of the most ethical issues of business that helps to control the trustworthiness of a brand. Poor quality product can compromise on that total level of productivity and profitability of a company. In case low quality product is being used in the process of manufacture it can have serious effect on the overall rate of profitability of the company as most of the customers will not be willing to spend their money. Poor level of customer satisfaction can also directly affect the overall process of sales and marketing. Poor quality can also directly affect the overall capital that is being invested by a company in the process of manufacture. Hence, it is important for all business organizations to have primary focus on the research work of the overall performance of the quality and sales department, which will help them to maintain a high level of reputation and customer satisfaction rate. With inaccurate and wrong information that is collected from poor research of the quality and sales department it is never possible to improve upon the overall business performance and also increase the reputation and level of customer satisfaction in the market. Hence it is important to identify the effect of poor business research and also its impact on the overall process of sales and business. Expected Outcome The outcome of this business project will help to identify the cause of poor market and quality research that is being conducted in all business organisations. In spite of the challenges that are involved in the overall business process it is important to identify the impact of poor business research. With the help of the result of this project it is possible for all business organisations to improve upon the performance of the quality and sales management. The result of this project will also benefit all reputed organisation which will help them to take extra precautions while conducting any research work related to the quality management department. It will also help to identify the cause of collecting proper information related to business research. Hence, it is possible to avoid all circumstances related to poor and inaccurate accurate data collection. Conceptual Framework and Hypothesis The poor quality management service and more information collection system due to inappropriate research methods in business are regarded as one of the main cause of financial loss of business organisation. It is believed that the financial instability is mainly responsible for the overall poor quality of business research work that helps in the overall operational Management Service. Higher percentage of the profit can also be done with the help of proper quality management techniques. According to Goetsch, Davis (2014), it is also possible for a business organization to have better level of competitive advantage with the help of the effective quality management service. The overall framework and systematic guidelines of the quality management can also be modified with the working protocols that are related to the effective research quality. It is also the duty of the marketing manager to deal with the overall consequence that is associated with all poor and inaccurate research work. Based on the problem of the research work and research objectives, it is important to set the research hypothesis that is needed to meet the demand of the research work. With the help of the research hypothesis it is possible to deal with the issues that need to be addressed in the overall research work. The null hypothesis is one of the most important parts of the research work, which specifics that there is no difference between the specified population and also among the most important part of the research work (Vaioleti,, 2016). In this research work the null hypothesis is that the poor research work has direct impact on the overall quality management process of the business organization. In this case the research hypothesis is set as follows Methodology This section of the project helps to identify the overall method that is being applied in the research work. It will also help to provide proper justification for the exact method that is being used in the overall project. Literature Review The section of the research methodology will aim to identify all the existing literature related to the consequence of poor research in quality and sales management department. All the relevant theories and models along with the ideas related to poor business research will be critically analysed. The various themes related to the consequence of poor business research will be discussed thought only that will help to identify the common cause an impact of poor Quality Management Research. Various peer reviewed journals will be used for this section that will be available in Google Scholar and many others science database. All the previously conducted project work in the relevant department will also be considered for this literature review section. Data Series and data collection methods Proper method of Data Collection process is an important part of all research projects which will help to collect all necessary and relevant information for data analysis and discussion part. According to Taylor et al., (2015), there are two types of data that can be collected in all research project work. The primary data is the first hand data that is collected directly from the sample size. Interview survey and questionnaires are used in order to collect primary data for any research project work. On the other hand there is also the secondary form of Data Collection method in which the research focuses on collecting information from all previously conducted research work of the relevant topics and subject. However, one of the main advantages of collection of primary data is that it can provide the latest information related to the subject of the research work and also the issues that have been identified in the research problem areas. For this research project of identifying the effect of poor research work in quality management department it is essential to use the primary method of Data Collection that will be done using survey and questionnaires of various workers in the quality management department of a business organisation. With the help of the survey questionnaires it will be possible to collect necessary data and information that can help to identify the impact of poor research work. The data series is also one of the important parts of the business research project. It helps to represent all the collected data from primary and secondary sources in the form of flow chart diagrams and graphs (Silverman, 2016). This can help to identify all the statistical information related to the impact of poor research work. The balance sheet of the business is one of the most primary important documents in data series that can help to identify all the financial loss that occurred within a company due to the effect of poor quality product. The survey questionnaires will also aim to address the issues related to poor quality management system that is caused due to inaccurate and incorrect information system. It will also help to identify the proper intervention needed to avoid the effects of poor quality management and also to improve upon the research work in the quality management department that can ultimately help to improve upon the sales and marketing performance. The questionnaires of the survey will be designed in such a way which will help to identify all the impact of poor quality management and also the effect of poor research work in the following department. With the help of the proper research work, it is possible to identify the direct cause and impact of poor research work (Vaioleti, 2016). Liker scale is one of the commonly used effective tools that are used in all server assessment in order to identify the strength of positive and negative impact of poor quality management. The parameter in the liker scale will help to properly identify the impact of poor quality management (Panneerselvam, 2014). For example the workers of the quality management department will be asked questions related to the intensity of the poor research work that can be rated in the scale of 1 to 5 (where 1 will indicate strong positive effect and 5 will indicate strong negative effects). The proper analysis of all the result and data that is obtained from the survey using the liker scale will help the researchers to identify the exact impact and effect of poor quality management and poor research work in the sales department of a business organisation. Data Analysis Method The data analysis section is one of the most important parts of research methodology that helps to analyse all the collected data that is gathered from primary and secondary sources. Karp et al., (2016), have mentioned about the two types of data analysis methods that are used in all forms of the research work. Quantitative data analysis method is one of the popularly used systemic approaches that are used to in the investigation process to analyse the numerical data relevant to project work. Quantitative data management is also an important part of quality improvement service. With the help of quantitative data it is possible to improve upon all the collaborative approaches that help to promote the quality of the manufactured goods and also to identify the impact of poor research work. It is also important in this context to monitor the process of Data Collection method that can be properly analysed with the help of quantitative methods. All the statistical information related to the poor quality management can also be managed with the help of quantitative data analysis and also evaluate proper intervention steps in order to avoid the consequence of poor research work that can compromise on the level of Quality Management Service (Billig Waterman, 2014). In order to imply the qualitative data analysis method it is important for the researchers to deal with the existing literatures and secondary information that are available for the impact of poor quality management. It will also help the researchers to use the existing theories that can help to deal with the consequence of the poor market research and poor quality management. According to Bauer (2014), it is important to use all the relevant theories and models in the subject area of the research in order to properly imply the qualitative data analysis method. The qualitative data analysis is one of the most effective techniques that can be used to properly evaluate the effect of poor quality management and poor research work in a business organisation. It is important to identify the theories and models related to effective Quality Management Service that can properly help to identify the impact of poor quality and inaccurate information that is collected from poor research work. Hence, in the on-going research project work of identifying the causes and impact of poor research work in quality management department it is important for the researcher to use both primary and secondary data and also analyse them using mixed method of data analysis that implies the technique of quantitative and qualitative method. With the application of two types of research work and data analysis method it will be possible to identify the accurate cause and impact of poor quality management. Moreover critical evaluation of the existing literature related to the research project work will also help the researchers to compare the data that is needed in the data analysis. References Bauer, G. R. (2014). Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Social Science Medicine, 110, 10-17. Billig, S. H., Waterman, A. S. (Eds.). (2014). Studying service-learning: Innovations in education research methodology. Routledge. Drotar, D. (2014). Measuring health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: implications for research and practice. Psychology Press. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hazen, B. T., Boone, C. A., Ezell, J. D., Jones-Farmer, L. A. (2014). Data quality for data science, predictive analytics, and big data in supply chain management: An introduction to the problem and suggestions for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 154, 72-80. Karp, J. F., Dew, M. A., Wahed, A. S., Fitzgerald, K., Bolon, C. A., Weiner, D. K., ... Reynolds, C. F. (2016). Challenges and solutions for depression prevention research: methodology for a depression prevention trial for older adults with knee arthritis and emotional distress. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(6), 433-443. Pagell, M., Shevchenko, A. (2014). Why research in sustainable supply chain management should have no future. Journal of supply chain management, 50(1), 44-55. Panneerselvam, R. (2014). Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Vaioleti, T. M. (2016). Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific research. Waikato Journal of Education, 12(1). Wilsdon, J. (2016). The Metric Tide: Independent Review of the Role of Metrics in Research Assessment and Management. SAGE. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013). Business research methods. Cengage Learning.